Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration No. 333-259142

PROSPECTUS

CCC INTELLIGENT SOLUTIONS HOLDINGS INC.

540,999,737 Shares of Common Stock

17,800,000 Warrants to Purchase Common Stock

This prospectus relates to: (1) the issuance by us of up to 17,800,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 (“Common Stock”), that may be issued upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants (as defined below) to purchase Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share of Common Stock; and (2) the offer and sale, from time to time, by the selling holders identified in this prospectus (the “Selling Holders”), or their permitted transferees, of (i) up to 540,999,737 shares of Common Stock (including 17,800,000 shares of Common Stock that may be issued upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants) and (ii) up to 17,800,000 Private Placement Warrants.

This prospectus provides you with a general description of such securities and the general manner in which we and the Selling Holders may offer or sell the securities. More specific terms of any securities that we and the Selling Holders may offer or sell may be provided in a prospectus supplement that describes, among other things, the specific amounts and prices of the securities being offered and the terms of the offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus.

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of Common Stock or Warrants by the Selling Holders pursuant to this prospectus or of the shares of Common Stock by us pursuant to this prospectus, except with respect to amounts received by us upon exercise of the Warrants to the extent such Warrants are exercised for cash. However, we will pay the expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, associated with the sale of securities pursuant to this prospectus.

Our registration of the securities covered by this prospectus does not mean that either we or the Selling Holders will issue, offer or sell, as applicable, any of the securities. The Selling Holders may offer and sell the securities covered by this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. We provide more information about how the Selling Holders may sell the shares in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” In addition, certain of the securities being registered hereby are subject to vesting and/or transfer restrictions that may prevent the Selling Holders from offering or selling such securities upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Description of Securities” for more information.

The Common Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “CCCS.” On June 8, 2022, the last reported sales price of the Common Stock was $9.94 per share. The Public Warrants (as defined below) ceased trading on the New York Stock Exchange and were delisted, with the trading halt announced after close of market on December 28, 2021. Accordingly, the Public Warrants and the Forward Purchase Warrants (as defined below) have been exercised or redeemed in full and are no longer outstanding. We are an “emerging growth company” as defined under the U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for this and future filings. We are an “emerging growth company” as defined under the U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for this and future filings.

See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 16 to read about factors you should consider before investing in shares of our Common Stock.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is June 9, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using the “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, the Selling Holders may, from time to time, sell or otherwise distribute the securities offered by them as described in the section titled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale by such Selling Holders of the securities offered by them described in this prospectus. This prospectus also relates to the issuance by us of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of any warrants. We will receive proceeds from any exercise of the warrants for cash.

Neither we nor the Selling Holders have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectuses prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. Neither we nor the Selling Holders take responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. Neither we nor the Selling Holders will make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

We may also provide a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement to add information to, or update or change information contained in, this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement together with the additional information to which we refer you in the sections of this prospectus entitled “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

On July 30, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), Dragoneer Growth Opportunities Corp., a Cayman Islands exempted company and our predecessor company (“Dragoneer”), consummated the business combination (the “Business Combination”) pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of February 2, 2021 (as amended on April 22, 2021 by Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement and on July 6, 2021 by Amendment No. 2 to the Business Combination Agreement, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among Dragoneer, Chariot Opportunity Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Chariot Merger Sub”), and Cypress Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement (together with the Business Combination, the “Transactions”).

Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, on the Closing Date, (i) Dragoneer changed its jurisdiction of incorporation by deregistering as a Cayman Islands exempted company and continuing and domesticating as a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Domestication”), upon which Dragoneer changed its name to “CCC Intelligent Solutions Holdings Inc.” (“CCC” or the “Company”) and (ii) Chariot Merger Sub merged with and into CCC (the “Merger”), with CCC as the surviving company in the Merger and, after giving effect to such Merger, Cypress Holdings, Inc. becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of CCC.

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus to “we,” “us” or “our” refer to (i) Cypress Holdings, Inc. prior to the consummation of the Business Combination and to (ii) CCC following the consummation of the Business Combination.

MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA

CCC’s internal market and industry data and estimates are based upon information obtained from trade and business organizations and other contacts in the markets in which CCC operates and CCC management’s understanding of industry conditions. Although CCC believes that such information is reliable, CCC has not had this information verified by any independent sources. The estimates and market and industry information provided in this prospectus are subject to change based on various factors, including those described in the section entitled “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Business and Industry” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

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TRADEMARKS, SERVICE MARKS AND TRADE NAMES

This document contains references to trademarks and service marks belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this registration statement may appear without the ^® or ^™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that the applicable licensor will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, its rights to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

SELECTED DEFINITIONS

Unless otherwise stated in this prospectus or the context otherwise requires, references to:

“Advent Investor” are to, collectively, Cypress Investor Holdings, L.P., GPE VIII CCC Co-Investment (Delaware) Limited Partnership and Advent International GPE VIII-C Limited Partnership;

“Board” are to the board of directors of CCC Intelligent Solutions Holdings Inc.;

“Business Combination” are to the Domestication, the Merger and other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, collectively, including the PIPE Financing;

“Business Combination Agreement” are to that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated February 2, 2021, by and among Dragoneer, Chariot Merger Sub and CCC, as amended on April 22, 2021 by Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement and on July 6, 2021 by Amendment No. 2 to Business Combination Agreement, and as may be further amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time;

“Bylaws” are to the Bylaws of CCC, effective as of July 30, 2021;

“Chariot Merger Sub” are to Chariot Opportunity Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Dragoneer prior to the consummation of the Business Combination;

“CCC” are to Cypress Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, prior to the consummation of the Business Combination and “CCC,” “we,” “us” or “our” are to CCC Intelligent Solutions Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation, following the consummation of the Business Combination;

“CCC Earnout Shares” are to 15,000,000 shares of Common Stock (as adjusted for share subdivisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) that CCC will issue following a CCC Triggering Event to the CCC Shareholders existing as of immediately prior to the Closing and (subject to continued employment) holders of vested and unvested equity awards of CCC as of the date of the Business Combination Agreement;

“CCC Shareholders” are the Advent Investor, the OH Investor, the TCV Investor and current and former management and other services providers of CCC holding shares of CCC;

“CCC Triggering Event” are to the earlier to occur of (a) the first date on which the shares of CCC have traded for greater than or equal to $15.00 per share for any twenty (20) trading days within any thirty (30) consecutive trading day period commencing after the Closing or (b) a Change of Control (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) of Dragoneer, in each case if such event occurs within ten (10) years after the Closing;

“Certificate of Incorporation” are to the Certificate of Incorporation of CCC effective as of July 30, 2021;

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“Class A ordinary shares” are to the Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of Dragoneer, which automatically converted, on a one-for-one basis, into shares of Common Stock in connection with the Domestication;

“Class B ordinary shares” are to the 17,250,000 Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of Dragoneer that were initially issued to Dragoneer’s Sponsor in a private placement prior to the initial public offering of which 375,000 were transferred to the Dragoneer independent directors (75,000 each) in July 2020 and of which the remainder were transferred to an affiliate of Sponsor and to Affiliates of Willett Advisors prior to the Domestication, and, in connection with the Domestication, automatically converted, on a one-for-one basis, into shares of Common Stock;

“Closing” are to the closing of the Business Combination;

“Closing Date” are to July 30, 2021;

“Continental” are to Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company;

“Domestication” are to the transfer by way of continuation and deregistration of Dragoneer from the Cayman Islands and the continuation and domestication of Dragoneer as a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware;

“Dragoneer,” “we,” “us” or “our” are to Dragoneer Growth Opportunities Corp., a Cayman Islands exempted company, prior to the consummation of the Business Combination;

“earnout shares” are to, collectively, the CCC Earnout Shares and the Sponsor Earnout Shares;

“Effective Time” are to the time at which the Merger became effective;

“Employee Stock Purchase Plan” are to the CCC 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan;

“Forward Purchase Agreements” are to the forward purchase agreement between Dragoneer and Dragoneer Funding LLC, dated August 12, 2020, and the forward purchase agreement between Dragoneer and certain affiliates of Willett Advisors LLC, dated July 24, 2020, whereby Dragoneer Funding LLC and certain affiliates of Willett Advisors LLC purchased 15,000,000 and 2,500,000 forward purchase units, respectively;

“forward purchase units” are to the 17,500,000 forward purchase units issued immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination initially to Dragoneer Funding LLC and certain affiliates of Willett Advisors LLC, each such unit consisting of one Class A ordinary share and one-fifth of one warrant to purchase Class A ordinary share for $11.50 per share, for a purchase price of $10.00 per unit;

“forward purchase warrants” are to the 3,500,000 redeemable warrants to purchase Class A ordinary shares of Dragoneer issued as part of the forward purchase units immediately prior to the Closing of the Business Combination. The forward purchase warrants have been redeemed in their entirety;

“Governing Documents” are to the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws;

“initial public offering” are to Dragoneer’s initial public offering that was consummated on August 18, 2020;

“Incentive Equity Plan” are to the CCC 2021 Equity Incentive Plan;

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“Merger” are to the merger of Chariot Merger Sub with and into CCC pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, with CCC as the surviving company in the Merger and, after giving effect to such Merger, CCC becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of Dragoneer;

“Common Stock” or “Common Stock” are to the common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of CCC;

“NYSE” are to the New York Stock Exchange;

“OH Investor” are to OH Cypress Aggregator, L.P.;

“ordinary shares” are to our Class A ordinary shares and our Class B ordinary shares, prior to the consummation of the Business Combination;

“Permitted Recapitalization Dividend” are to one or more CCC dividends in an aggregate amount not to exceed $300,000,000;

“PIPE Financing” are to the transactions contemplated by the Subscription Agreements, pursuant to which the PIPE Investors collectively subscribed for an aggregate of 15,000,000 shares of Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $150,000,000 consummated in connection with Closing;

“private placement warrants” are to the 15,800,000 private placement warrants that were issued initially to the Sponsor as part of the closing of Dragoneer’s initial public offering, which are substantially identical to the public warrants sold as part of the units in the initial public offering, subject to certain limited exceptions;

“Proxy Statement/Prospectus” are to the definitive proxy statement/prospectus filed by Dragoneer with the SEC on July 6, 2021;

“public warrants” are to the 13,800,0000 redeemable warrants to purchase Class A ordinary shares of Dragoneer that were issued by Dragoneer in its initial public offering. The public warrants have been redeemed in their entirety;

“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;

“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;

“Sponsor” are to Dragoneer Growth Opportunities Holdings, a Cayman Islands limited liability company;

“Sponsor Earnout Shares” are to the 8,625,000 Class A ordinary shares (as adjusted for share subdivisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) initially held by the Sponsor that, following conversion into shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Domestication, became subject to forfeiture if a Sponsor Triggering Event does not occur within ten (10) years after the Closing;

“Sponsor Triggering Event” are to the earlier to occur of (a) the first date on which the shares of CCC have traded for greater than or equal to $13.00 per share for any twenty (20) trading days within any thirty (30) consecutive trading day period commencing after the Closing or (b) a Change of Control (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) of Dragoneer, in each case if such event occurs within ten (10) years after the Closing;

“Subscription Agreements” are to the subscription agreements, entered into by Dragoneer and each of the PIPE Investors in connection with the PIPE Financing;

“TCV Investor” are to TCV IX, L.P., TCV IX (A), L.P., TCV IX (B), L.P. and TCV Member Fund, L.P.;

“transfer agent” are to Continental, our transfer agent;

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“units” are to the units of Dragoneer, each unit representing one Class A ordinary share and one-fifth of one warrant to acquire one Class A ordinary share, that were offered and sold by Dragoneer in its initial public offering and in its concurrent private placement;

“warrants” are to the private placement warrants and the working capital warrants; and

“working capital warrants” are to the 2,000,000 warrants to purchase Class A ordinary shares that were issued to Sponsor upon conversion of the principal amount of a working capital loan provided to Dragoneer by Sponsor, which conversion occurred upon the consummation of the Business Combination.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this prospectus may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our or our management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future, including those relating to the Business Combination. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our or our management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future, including those relating to the future financial performance and business strategies and expectations for our business. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements may include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, client demand, business strategies, technology developments, financing and investment plans, competitive position, our industry and regulatory environment, potential growth opportunities and the effects of competition.

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include:

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The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are based on current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described above and under the heading “Risk Factors.” Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. It is not possible to predict or identify all such risks. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The presentation of non-GAAP financial measures is used to enhance our investors’ and lenders’ understanding of certain aspects of our financial performance. This discussion is not meant to be considered in isolation, superior to, or as a substitute for the directly comparable financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Management also uses supplemental non-GAAP financial measures to manage and evaluate the business, make planning decisions, allocate resources and as performance measures for Company-wide bonus plans and executive compensation plans. These key financial measures provide an additional view of our operational performance over the long-term and provide useful information that we use in order to maintain and grow our business.

In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe that Adjusted Gross Margin, and EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, which are each non-GAAP measures, are useful in evaluating our operational performance. We use this non-GAAP financial information to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning, budgeting and forecasting purposes and, starting in 2021, for setting management bonus programs. We believe that non-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors in assessing our operating performance and comparing our performance with competitors and other comparable companies, which may present similar non-GAAP financial measures to investors. Our computation of these non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies, because all companies may not calculate these measures in the same fashion. We endeavor to compensate for the limitation of the non-GAAP measure presented by also providing the most directly comparable GAAP measure and a description of the reconciling items and adjustments to derive the non-GAAP measure. These non-GAAP measures should be considered in addition to results prepared in accordance with GAAP, but should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using non-GAAP measures on a supplemental basis.

Adjusted Gross Margin

We believe that Adjusted Gross Margin, as defined below, provides meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by excluding certain items that may not be indicative of our recurring core business operating results. Adjusted Gross Margin is defined as gross margin, adjusted for gross margin associated with First Party Clinical Services, which was divested as of December 31, 2020, amortization and impairment of acquired technologies, and stock-based compensation, which are not indicative of our recurring core business operating results. The Adjusted Gross Margin percentage is defined as Adjusted Gross Margin divided by Revenue, less First Party Clinical Services divested revenue. Gross margin is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted Gross Margin, and you should review the reconciliation of Gross Margin to Adjusted Gross Margin below and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

We believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, as defined below, are useful in evaluating our operational performance distinct and apart from financing costs, certain expenses and non-operational expenses. EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) adjusted for interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA adjusted for asset impairment charges, gain/loss on change in fair value of interest rate swaps, stock-based compensation expense, loss on early extinguishment of debt, business combination transaction costs, lease abandonment charges, lease overlap costs for the incremental expenses associated with the Company’s new corporate headquarters prior to termination of its existing headquarters’ lease, net costs related to divestiture and less revenue and related cost of revenue associated with First Party Clinical Services, which was divested as of December 31, 2020. Net loss is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted EBITDA, and you should review the reconciliation of net loss to adjusted EBITDA below and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are intended as supplemental measures of our performance that are neither required by, nor presented in accordance with, GAAP. You should be aware that when evaluating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, we may incur future expenses similar to those excluded when calculating these measures. In addition, our presentation of these measures should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves risks. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this prospectus, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before deciding whether to purchase any of our securities. These risk factors are not exhaustive and investors are encouraged to perform their own investigation with respect to our business, financial condition and prospects. We may face additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, which may also impair our business or financial condition. In such event, the market price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Relating to Business and Industry

A substantial portion of our revenue is derived from a relatively small number of customers in the P&C insurance and automotive collision industries, and the loss of any of these customers, or a significant revenue reduction from any of these customers, could materially impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our revenue is dependent on customers in the P&C insurance and automotive collision industries, and historically a relatively small number of customers have accounted for a significant portion of our revenue. There were no insurance carrier customers which individually accounted for more than 10% of total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2021. We expect that we will continue to depend upon a relatively small number of customers for a significant portion of our revenue for the foreseeable future. As a result, if we fail to successfully renew our contracts with one or more of these customers, or if any of these customers reduce or cancel services or defer purchases, or otherwise terminate their relationship with us, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely impacted. Some of our SaaS arrangements with our customers can be canceled or not renewed by the customer after the expiration of the SaaS term, as applicable, on relatively short notice. Additionally, we may be involved in disputes with our customers in the future and such disputes may impact our relationship with these customers. The loss of business from any of our significant customers, including from cancellations or due to disputes, could materially impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our large customers have negotiating leverage, which may require us to agree to terms and conditions that result in increased cost of sales, decreased revenue, lower average selling prices and gross margins, and increased contractual liability risks, all of which could harm our results of operations.

Some of our customers include the largest P&C insurers and auto collision repair organizations in the U.S. These customers have significant bargaining power when negotiating new licenses or subscriptions or renewals of existing agreements and have the ability to buy similar products from other vendors or develop such systems internally. These customers have and may continue to seek advantageous pricing and other commercial and performance terms that may require us to develop additional features in the products we sell to them or add complexity to our customer agreements. In the past, we have been required to, and may in the future be required to, reduce the average selling price of our products or otherwise agree to materially less favorable terms in response to these pressures. If we are unable to avoid reducing our average selling prices or renegotiate our contracts on commercially reasonable terms, our results of operations could be adversely impacted.

Our business depends on our brand, and if we fail to develop, maintain, and enhance our brand and reputation cost-effectively, our business and financial condition may be adversely affected.

We believe that the brand identity we have developed and acquired has significantly contributed to the success of our business. We also believe that developing, maintaining, and enhancing awareness and integrity of

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our brand and reputation are critical to achieving widespread acceptance of our solutions and expanding adoption of our solutions to new customers in both existing and new markets. Maintaining and enhancing our brand requires us to make substantial investments and these investments may not be successful or cost-efficient. We believe that the importance of our brand and reputation will increase as competition in our market further intensifies. Successful promotion of our brand depends on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts and our ability to provide a reliable, useful and valuable collection of solutions at competitive prices. These factors are essential to our ability to differentiate our offerings from competing products. In addition, our brand and reputation could be impacted if our end users or insured parties have negative experiences in the claim process, which ultimately largely depends on the quality of service from our customers, but also may depend on the insured’s perceived value of its vehicle. See “—Litigation Risk Factors—We are currently, and have been in the past, a party to litigation, which could result in damage to our reputation and harm our future results of operations.” For example, putative class action lawsuits have alleged that the use of the Company’s total loss valuation solution has led to undervaluation of insureds’ loss vehicles.

Maintaining and enhancing our brand will depend largely on our ability to be a technology innovator, to continue to provide high quality solutions and protect and defend our brand names and trademarks, which we may not do successfully. We have not engaged in extensive direct brand promotion activities, and we may not successfully implement brand enhancement efforts in the future. Our products and services generally are branded and are likely associated with the overall experiences of a participant in the insurance economy, which is largely outside of our control. Any brand promotion activities we undertake may not yield increased revenue, and even if they do, the increased revenue may not offset the expenses we incur in building and maintaining our brand and reputation. If we fail to promote and maintain our brand successfully or to maintain loyalty among our customers, we may fail to attract new customers and partners or retain our existing customers and partners and our business and financial condition may be adversely affected. Any negative publicity relating to our employees, partners, or others associated with these parties, may also tarnish our own reputation simply by association and may reduce the value of our brand. Damage to our brand and reputation may result in reduced demand for our solutions and increased risk of losing market share to competitors. Any efforts to restore the value of our brand and rebuild our reputation may be costly and may not be successful.

Our revenue growth rate depends on existing customers renewing and upgrading their SaaS software subscriptions for our solutions. A decline in our customer renewals and expansions could adversely impact our future results of operations.

Our customers have no obligation to renew their contracts for our solutions after the expiration of their contract periods and our customers may choose not to renew contracts for a similar mix of solutions. Our customers’ renewal rates may fluctuate or decline as a result of a number of factors, including customer dissatisfaction, customers’ spending levels, increased competition, changes in tax or data privacy laws or rules, prices of our services, the prices of services offered by our competitors, spending levels due to the macroeconomic environment or other factors, deteriorating general economic conditions, or legislative and regulatory changes. If our customers do not renew their contracts or reduce the solutions purchased under their contracts, our revenue could decline and our business may be adversely impacted.

Our future success also depends in part on our ability to sell additional solutions to existing customers. If our efforts to sell our additional solutions to our customers are not successful, our revenue growth would decrease and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely impacted.

Our growth strategy depends on continued investment in and delivery of innovative SaaS solutions. If we are unsuccessful in delivering innovative SaaS solutions, it could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

To address demand trends across the P&C insurance economy, we have focused on and plan to continue focusing on the growth and expansion of our SaaS business. This growth strategy has required and will continue

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to require a considerable investment of technical, financial and sales resources. These investments may not result in an increase in SaaS software revenue and we may not be able to scale such investments efficiently, or at all, to meet customer demand and expectations. Our focus on our SaaS business may increase our costs in any given period and may be difficult to predict over time.

Our SaaS arrangements also contain service level agreement clauses which may include penalties for matters such as failing to meet stipulated service levels. The consequences in such circumstances could include monetary credits for current or future service engagements, reduced fees for additional product sales, cancellations of planned purchases and a customer’s refusal to pay their contractually-obligated SaaS or professional service fees. Should these penalties be triggered, our results of operations may be adversely affected. Furthermore, any factor adversely affecting sales of our SaaS solutions, including application release cycles, delays or failures in new product functionality, market acceptance, product competition, performance and reliability, reputation, price competition and economic and market conditions, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, the entry into new markets or the introduction of new features, functionality or applications beyond our current markets and functionality may not be successful. If we invest in the development of new products, we may not recover the “up-front” costs of developing and marketing those products, or recover the opportunity cost of diverting management, technical and financial resources away from other development efforts. If we are unable to successfully grow our SaaS business and navigate our growth strategy in light of the foregoing uncertainties, our reputation could suffer and our results of operations may be impacted, which may cause our stock price to decline.

Public health outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics, including the global COVID 19 pandemic, could harm our business and results of operations.

Public health outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics could materially and adversely impact our business. For example, in March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID 19 virus outbreak a global pandemic, and numerous countries, including the U.S., have declared national emergencies with respect to COVID 19. The COVID 19 pandemic, and certain intensified preventative or protective public health measures undertaken by governments, businesses and individuals to contain the spread of COVID 19, including orders to shelter in place and restrictions on travel and permitted business operations, have resulted and continue to result, in global business disruptions that adversely affect workforces, organizations, economies, and financial markets globally, leading to an economic downturn and increased market volatility.

The ongoing pandemic has also disrupted travel patterns and commuting, which has reduced the number of claims and harmed the businesses of certain repair shops and parts suppliers, and could weigh more heavily on our business and results of operations if the pandemic continues for an extended period of time. We have also limited our in person marketing activities and the pandemic has hindered the ability of our technical support teams and sales force to travel to existing customers and new business prospects, and we expect this will continue for the foreseeable future.

Additionally, other factors including reduced employment pools, federal subsidies offered in response to the COVID 19 pandemic, and other government regulations including any potential vaccine mandate, could contribute to increased labor shortages and employee turnover within our organization. These trends have led to, and could in the future lead to, increased costs, such as increased overtime to meet demand and increased wage rates to attract and retain employees. An overall or prolonged labor shortage, lack of skilled labor, increased turnover or labor inflation could have a material adverse impact on our operations, results of operations, liquidity or cash flows.

While our business has not, to date, experienced a material disruption in bookings or sales due to the COVID 19 pandemic, a continued or intensifying pandemic over the short or medium term could result in delays in services delivery, delays in implementations, delays in critical development and commercialization activities, including delays in the introduction of new products and further international expansion, interruptions in sales

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and marketing activity, furloughs or layoffs of employees and disruptions of supply chains. Additionally, we may incur increased costs in the future when employees return to working in our offices and we implement measures to ensure their safety.

The related impact on the global economy could also decrease technology spending by our existing and prospective customers and adversely affect their demand for our solutions. Further, our sales and implementation cycles have lengthened which could result in us providing contract terms more favorable to customers and a potentially longer delay between incurring operating expenses and the generation of corresponding revenue or in difficulty in accurately predicting our financial forecasts. Additionally, the economic downturn and rising unemployment rates resulting from the COVID 19 pandemic have the potential to significantly reduce individual and business disposable income and depress consumer confidence, which could limit the ability or willingness of some consumers to obtain and pay for our customers’ products in both the short and medium terms, which may negatively impact the ability of our customers to pay for our services or require such customers to request amended payment terms for their outstanding invoices. Furthermore, we are unable to predict the impact that the COVID 19 pandemic may have going forward on the business, results of operations or financial position of any of our major customers, which could impact each customer to varying degrees and at different times and could ultimately impact our own financial performance.

The pandemic also presents operational challenges as our workforce shifted to a hybrid working model of in person and remote work, which continues to create inherent productivity, connectivity, and oversight challenges. It is possible that continued remote work arrangements may have a negative impact on our operations, the execution of our business plans, the productivity and availability of key personnel and other employees necessary to conduct our business, and may increase the risk of cyberattacks. Although we continue to monitor the situation and may adjust our current policies as more information and public health guidance become available, it is not possible for us to predict the duration or magnitude of these business disruptions or the adverse results of the pandemic, which ultimately will depend on many factors, including the speed and effectiveness of containment efforts throughout the world. These disruptions could negatively affect our operations or internal controls over financial reporting and may require us to implement new processes, procedures and controls to respond to further changes in our business environment.

The magnitude of the effect of the COVID 19 pandemic on our business will depend, in part, on the length and severity of the restrictions, the severity and transmission rate of the virus, the extent and effectiveness of containment actions including actions that are mandated by local, regional and national governments, agencies and health authorities, the disruption caused by such actions, the efficacy of vaccines and rates of vaccination in various states and countries, the emergence of coronavirus variants such as the “omicron” variant and others as yet unknown, and the impact of these and other factors on our employees, customers, partners, vendors and the global economy. The longer the pandemic continues or resurges, the more severe the impacts described above will be on our business. The extent, length and consequences of the pandemic on our business, including our customers’ purchasing decisions and other reactions, are uncertain and impossible to predict but could be material. Any reopenings followed by subsequent restrictions or closings could have a material impact on us. The COVID 19 pandemic and other similar outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects and could cause significant volatility in the trading prices of our common stock as a result of any of the risks described above and other risks that we are not able to predict.

To the extent the COVID 19 pandemic adversely affects our business and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section, such as those relating to our liquidity.

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Factors outside of our control including but not limited to natural catastrophes and terrorism, may adversely impact the P&C insurance economy, preventing us from expanding or maintaining our existing customer base and increasing our revenue.

Our largest customers are carriers who have experienced, and will likely experience in the future, losses from catastrophes, natural disasters or terrorism that may adversely impact their businesses. Catastrophes can be caused by various events, including, without limitation, hurricanes, tsunamis, floods, windstorms, earthquakes, hail, tornadoes, explosions, severe weather, epidemics, pandemics and fires. Global warming trends are contributing to an increase in erratic weather patterns globally and intensifying the impact of certain types of catastrophes. Moreover, acts of terrorism or war could cause disruptions to our business or our customers’ businesses or the economy as a whole.

The risks associated with natural catastrophes and terrorism are inherently unpredictable, and it is difficult to forecast the timing of such events or estimate the amount of losses they will generate. In recent years, for example, parts of the U.S. suffered extensive damage due to multiple hurricanes and fires. The combined effect of those losses on carriers was significant. Such losses and losses due to future events may adversely impact our current or potential customers, which may prevent us from maintaining or expanding our customer base and increasing our revenue as such events may cause customers to postpone purchases of new offerings or to discontinue existing projects. Any of these events could materially impact our business, results of operation and financial condition.

A downturn in the P&C insurance industry, claim volumes, or supporting economy, which are outside of our control, could adversely impact our results of operations.

Revenue for some of our solutions are derived from claims volumes rather than from the subscription fees that represent the majority of our revenue. Claim volume-based solution revenue is driven by individual customer usage and can be impacted by market conditions within the industry. As a result, our transactional revenue can be adversely affected by factors outside of our control, including but not limited to, industry trends, market events, customer-specific usage changes. The transactional portion of the business also presents more challenges to accurately forecasting future revenues.

Changes in the P&C insurance and automotive collision industries, including the adoption of new technologies, such as autonomous vehicles, may significantly impact our results of operations.

Aspects of our business, and our customers’ businesses, which our products and services support, can be impacted by events in the P&C insurance and automotive collision industries which are beyond our control. Certain trends in the automotive industry, including the continued adoption of semi-autonomous or autonomous vehicles and the advent of improved automotive safety features, may potentially impact the future market for, and operations of, the P&C insurance and automotive collision industries. While the impacts and timing of these changes are currently unknown, if this has an adverse impact on the P&C insurance or the automotive collision industries, it could have an adverse impact on our future result of operations.

Our customers may defer or forego purchases of our products or services in the event of weakened global economic conditions or political transitions.

Our financial performance depends, in part, on the state of the economy. Declining levels of economic activity may lead to declines in spending in the industries we serve, which may result in decreased revenue for us. Concern about the strength of the economy may slow the rate at which businesses are willing to enter into new contractual arrangements, potentially including those for our solutions. If our customers and potential customers experience financial hardship as a result of a weakened economy, industry consolidation, or other factors, the overall demand for our solutions could decrease. If economic conditions worsen, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

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Global events such as the imposition of various trade tariffs by the U.S. and China and the COVID-19 pandemic, have created and may continue to create economic uncertainty, including inflationary pressures, in regions in which we have significant operations. These conditions may make it difficult for our customers and us to forecast and plan future business activities accurately, and they could cause our customers to reevaluate their decision to purchase our products, which could delay and lengthen our sales cycles or result in cancellations of planned purchases. Moreover, during challenging economic times, our customers may be unable to timely access sufficient credit, which could impair their ability to make timely payments to us. If that were to occur, we may not receive amounts owed to us and may be required to record an allowance for doubtful accounts, which would adversely affect our financial results. A substantial downturn in the insurance industry may cause firms to react to worsening conditions by reducing their capital expenditures, reducing their spending on information technology, delaying or canceling information technology projects, or seeking to lower their costs by renegotiating vendor contracts. Negative or worsening conditions in the general economy, both in the U.S. and abroad, including conditions resulting from financial and credit market fluctuations, could decrease corporate spending on enterprise software in general, and in the insurance industry specifically, and negatively affect the rate of growth of our business.

Macroeconomic factors impacting the principal industries we serve could adversely affect our product adoption, usage, or average selling prices.

We expect to continue to derive most of our revenue from solutions and additional services we provide to the P&C insurance industry and supporting economy, including the automotive collision and OEM industries. Given the concentration of our business activities in this industry, we will be particularly exposed to certain economic downturns affecting the insurance industry. U.S. and global market and economic conditions have been, and continue to be, disrupted and volatile. General business and economic conditions that could affect us and our customers include fluctuations in economic growth, inflation, debt and equity capital markets, liquidity of the global financial markets, the availability and cost of credit, investor and consumer confidence, and the strength of the economies in which our customers operate. A poor economic environment could result in significant decreases in demand for our solutions, including the delay or cancellation of current or anticipated projects, or could present difficulties in collecting accounts receivables from our customers due to their deteriorating financial condition. Our existing customers may be acquired by or merged into other entities that use our competitors’ products, or they may decide to terminate their relationships with us for other reasons. As a result, our sales could decline if an existing customer is merged with or acquired by another company that has a poor economic outlook or is closed.

In addition, a significant portion of our operating costs are comprised of personnel related expenses. We may, in the future, experience increased labor costs as well as other costs necessary to conduct our business. To the extent we cannot pass along such increased costs to our customers, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

We face competition in our market, which could negatively impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition and cause our market share to decline.

The market for our solutions is competitive. The competitors we face in any sale opportunity may change depending on, among other things, the line of business purchasing the software, the application being sold, the geography in which the customer is operating, and the size of the customer to which we are selling. These competitors may compete on the basis of price, the time and cost required for software implementation, custom development, or unique product features or functions. Outside of the U.S., we are more likely to compete against vendors that may differentiate themselves based on local advantages in language, market knowledge, existing relationships with customers and content applicable to that jurisdiction.

As we expand our product portfolio, we may begin to compete with software and technology providers that we have not competed against previously and where technology and applications may, in time, become more competitive with our offerings.

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We expect the intensity of competition to remain high in the future, as the amount of capital invested in current and potential competitors, including insurance technology companies, has increased significantly in recent years. As a result, our competitors or potential competitors may develop improved product or sales capabilities, or even a technology breakthrough that disrupts our market. Continuing intense competition could result in increased pricing pressure, increased sales and marketing expenses, and greater investments in research and development, each of which could negatively impact our profitability. Current and potential competitors may be able to devote greater resources to, or take greater risks in connection with, the development, promotion, and sale of their products than we can devote to ours, which could allow them to respond more quickly than we can to new technologies and changes in customer needs, thus leading to their wider market acceptance. We may not be able to compete effectively and competitive pressures may prevent us from acquiring and maintaining the customer base necessary for us to increase our revenue and profitability.

In addition, the insurance industry is evolving rapidly, and we anticipate the market for cloud-based solutions will become increasingly competitive. If our current and potential customers move a greater proportion of their data and computational needs to the cloud, new competitors may emerge that offer services either comparable or better suited than ours to address the demand for such cloud-based solutions, which could reduce demand for our offerings. To compete effectively we will likely be required to increase our investment in research and development, as well as the personnel and third-party services required to improve reliability and lower the cost of delivery of our cloud-based solutions. This may increase our costs more than we anticipate and may adversely impact our results of operations.

Our current and potential competitors may also establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties to further enhance their resources and offerings. Current or potential competitors may be acquired by other vendors or third parties with greater available resources. As a result of such acquisitions, our current or potential competitors might be able to adapt more quickly to new technologies and customer needs, to devote greater resources to the promotion or sale of their products and services, to initiate or withstand substantial price competition, or to take advantage of emerging opportunities by developing and expanding their product and service offerings more quickly than we can. Additionally, they may hold larger portfolios of patents and other intellectual property rights as a result of such relationships or acquisitions. If we are unable to compete effectively with these evolving competitors for market share, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

If we are unable to develop, introduce and market new and enhanced versions of our solutions and products, we may be put at a competitive disadvantage and our operating results could be adversely affected.

As technology continues to develop at a rapid pace, both within the P&C insurance economy and more broadly across the insurance ecosystem, the possibility of the development of technological advancements made by other firms will increase. If we are unable to internally develop or acquire suitable alternatives to such developments or otherwise deploy competitive offerings our business and growth opportunities may be challenged. Additionally, certain P&C insurance ecosystem customers may seek to develop internal solutions which could potentially compete with related offerings from us. Technologies such as enhanced modeling, artificial intelligence and machine learning technology may offer certain firms, including insurance carriers, the opportunity to make rapid advancements in the development of tools which may impact the industry broadly.

New products utilize and will continue to be based on AI technologies in the future. As such, the market acceptance of AI-based solutions is critical to our continued success. In order for cloud-based AI solutions to be widely accepted, organizations must overcome any concerns with placing sensitive information on a cloud-based platform. Furthermore, our ability to effectively market and sell AI-based solutions to customers is partly dependent upon the pace at which enterprises undergo digital transformation. Additionally, as technologies continue to become more integrated with AI technologies generally, governments may implement data privacy and AI regulations with which we will need to comply, and which may result in the incurrence of additional costs and expenses.

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We expect that the needs of our customers will continue to rapidly change and increase in complexity and we will need to improve the functionality and performance of our platform continually to meet these demands. If we are unable to continue to meet customer demands or to achieve more widespread market acceptance of enterprise AI solutions in general or our platform in particular, our business operations, financial results, and growth prospects will be materially and adversely affected.

Our sales and implementation cycles can be lengthy and variable, depend upon factors outside our control, and could cause us to expend significant time and resources prior to generating revenue.

Sales cycles for some of our solutions are complex and can be lengthy and unpredictable, requiring pre-purchase evaluation by a significant number of employees in our customers’ organizations, and can involve a significant operational decision by our customers. Our sales efforts involve educating our customers about the use and benefits of our solutions, including in the technical capabilities and the potential cost savings achievable by organizations using our solutions. For larger business opportunities, such as converting a new P&C insurance customer, customers undertake a rigorous pre-purchase decision-making and evaluation process which typically involves due diligence and reference checks. We invest a substantial amount of time and resources in our sales efforts without any assurance that our efforts will produce sales. Even if we succeed at completing a sale, we may be unable to predict the size or term of an initial SaaS arrangement until very late in the sales cycle. In addition, we sometimes commit to include specific functions in our base product offering at the request of a customer or group of customers. Providing this additional functionality may be time consuming and may involve factors that are outside of our control. Customers may also insist that we commit to certain time frames in which systems built around our solutions will be operational, or that once implemented our solutions will be able to meet certain operational requirements. Our ability to meet such timeframes and requirements may involve factors that are outside of our control, and failure to meet such timeframes and requirements could result in us incurring penalties, costs and/or additional resource commitments, which would adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Unexpected delays and difficulties can occur as customers implement and test our solutions. Solutions can involve integration with our customers’ and third-party’s systems as well as the addition of customer and third-party data to our platform. This process can be complex, time-consuming and expensive for our customers and can result in delays in the implementation of our solutions, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Time-consuming efforts such as client setups, training and transition of systems may also increase the amount of services personnel we must allocate to each customer, thereby increasing our costs for these services. These types of changes can also result in a shift in the timing of the recognition of revenue which could adversely affect results of operations and financial condition. The timing of when we sign a large contract can materially impact our results of operations for the period and can be difficult to predict.

Furthermore, our sales cycles could be interrupted or affected by other factors outside of our control. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic caused sales cycles to lengthen and has other impacts on our business. Many of our customers and prospects have enacted preventative policies and travel restrictions which impact our ability to conduct sales activities targeted at such customers and prospects. We cannot predict whether, for how long, or the extent to which the COVID 19 pandemic may adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Failure to manage our expanding operations effectively could harm our business.

We have expanded our operations, including the number of employees and the locations and scope of our operations, and expect to continue to do so in the future. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in us transitioning to a hybrid working model of in-person and remote work, which brings new challenges to managing our business and work force that we generally expect to continue for the foreseeable future, including increased risk of cyberattacks due to more employees working remotely. For more information please see —

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“Public health outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics, including the global COVID-19 pandemic, could harm our business and results of operations.” This expansion and changing work environment have placed, and will continue to place, challenges on our operations and our personnel. We will also need to identify, add and retain additional qualified personnel across our operations. To manage our anticipated future operational expansion effectively, we must maintain, and expect to enhance, our IT infrastructure and financial and accounting systems and controls, and manage expanded operations and employees in geographically distributed locations. Our growth could require significant capital expenditures and may divert financial resources from other projects, such as the development of new solutions. If we increase the size of our organization without experiencing an increase in sales of our solutions, we will experience reductions in our gross and operating margins and net income. We may also deem it advisable in the near-term or later to downsize certain of our offices in order to reduce costs, which may cause us to incur related charges. If we are unable to effectively manage our expanding operations or manage the increase in remote employees, our expenses may increase more than expected, our revenue could decline or grow more slowly than expected and we may be unable to implement our business strategy.

If we are unable to develop new markets or sell our solutions into these new and existing markets, our revenue will not grow as expected.

Our ability to increase revenue will depend, in large part, on our ability to further penetrate our existing markets and enter new markets, as well as our ability to increase sales from existing customers and attract new customers. The success of any enhancement or new solution or service depends on several factors, including the timely completion, introduction and market acceptance of enhanced or new solutions, adaptation to new industry standards and technological changes, the ability to maintain and to develop relationships with third parties and the ability to attract, retain and effectively train sales and marketing personnel. Any new solutions we develop or acquire may not be introduced in a timely or cost-effective manner and may not achieve the market acceptance necessary to generate significant revenue. Any new industry standards or practices that emerge, or any introduction by competitors of new solutions embodying new services or technologies, may cause our solutions to become obsolete. Any new markets in which we attempt to sell our solutions, including new countries or regions, may not be receptive or implementation may be delayed due to circumstances beyond our control, including economic and market factors, public health outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters and terrorist attacks. Additionally, any expansion into new markets may require us to comply with new regulatory laws and regimes and increase our monitoring thereof on an ongoing basis, which will increase our costs, as well as the risk that we may not be in compliance on a timely basis or at all. Our ability to further penetrate our existing markets and enter new markets depends on the quality of our solutions and our ability to design our solutions to meet changing consumer demands and industry standards, as well as our ability to assure that our customers will be satisfied with our existing and new solutions. If we are unable to sell our solutions into new markets or attract new customers or to further penetrate existing markets, or to increase sales from existing customers by selling them additional solutions, our revenue will not grow as expected, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Developing significant revenue streams derived from our current research and development efforts may take several months or years, or may not be achieved at all.

Developing software is time consuming and costly, and investment in product development may involve a long payback cycle. Our research and development expenses were $166.0 million, or 24% of our total revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2021. Including capitalized time related to internal use software of $20.3 million, our total spend was 27% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our future plans include significant investments to develop, improve and expand the functionality of our solutions, which we believe is necessary to maintain our competitive position. However, we may not recognize significant revenue from these investments for several months or years, or the investments may not yield any additional revenue.

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Changes in, or violations by us or our customers of, applicable government regulations could reduce demand for or limit our ability to provide our software and services in those jurisdictions.

Our P&C insurance industry customers are subject to extensive government regulations, mainly at the state level in the United States and at the country level in our non-U.S. markets. Some of these regulations relate directly to our software and services, including regulations governing the use of total loss and photo estimating software. If our insurance company customers fail to comply with new or existing insurance regulations, including those applicable to our software and services, they could lose their certifications to provide insurance and/or reduce their usage of our software and services, either of which would reduce our revenues. We have in the past and continue to spend considerable time and resources working with our customers to help them navigate these regulations, including Department of Insurance market conduct examinations and defending against class action lawsuits. If our products or services are found to be defective, we could be liable to them. In addition, future regulations could force us to implement costly changes to our software and/or databases or have the effect of prohibiting or rendering less valuable one or more of our offerings. Also, we are subject to direct regulation in some markets, and our failure to comply with these regulations could significantly reduce our revenues or subject us to government sanctions.

Sales to customers or operations outside the United States may expose us to risks inherent in international sales.

Historically, transactions occurring outside of the U.S. have represented a small portion of our overall processed transactions. However, we intend to continue to expand our international sales efforts. Operating in international markets, including in China, requires significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic, and political risks that are different from those in the U.S. Because of our limited experience operating internationally, our international expansion efforts may not be successful. We may rely heavily on third parties outside of the U.S., and as a result we may be adversely impacted if we invest time and resources into such business relationships but do not see significant sales from such efforts. Potential risks and challenges associated with sales to customers and operations outside the U.S. include:

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As we continue to expand our business globally, our success will depend, in large part, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks associated with our international operations. Any of these factors could negatively impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects.

Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies, as well as the corruption risks presented by operating in China, could have an adverse effect on our efforts to expand our business in China.

We intend to expand our business operations in China as part of our effort to expand our international sales efforts. Accordingly, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be affected to a significant degree by political, economic and social conditions in China generally.

The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the degree of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China are still owned or controlled by the government. By virtue of our serving customers in China that are at least partially owned or controlled by the government, there is also an increased risk of running afoul of the FCPA and other laws and regulations concerning anti-bribery and anti-corruption, including local Chinese laws, particularly given that China is perceived to present a heightened risk from an anti-corruption perspective. Additionally, as we continue to expand our business operations in China, we may engage with partners and third-party intermediaries who may have direct or indirect dealings with those deemed by anti-corruption laws to be government officials, further increasing the risk of violations of such laws that may result in fines and/or criminal sanctions against us, our officers, or our employees. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth by allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.

While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. The growth rate of the Chinese economy has gradually slowed since 2010, and COVID-19 has had a severe and negative impact on the Chinese economy, which may continue. Any prolonged slowdown in the Chinese economy may reduce the demand for our products and services and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

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Our business activities are subject to the FCPA and similar anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.

Anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws have been enforced aggressively in recent years. Our business activities are subject to the FCPA and similar anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, regulations, or rules of other countries in which we operate, including the U.K. Bribery Act. These laws are interpreted broadly and prohibit companies, their employees, and third-party intermediaries from authorizing, promising, offering, or providing, either directly or indirectly, improper payments or anything else of value to recipients in the public or private sector. The FCPA also requires public companies to maintain accurate books and records and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls. While only representing a de minimis proportion of our total revenue, we count among our customers a number of government entities. We may have direct or indirect dealings with those deemed by anti-corruption laws to be government officials, which also include interactions in countries known to experience corruption, including China. Activities in such countries create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees, consultants, partners, or third-party intermediaries that could be in violation of various anti-corruption laws. We have policies and controls intended to prevent these practices—e.g., a standalone Global Anti-Bribery Policy, Code of Ethics, mandatory anti-corruption trainings financial controls, and a whistleblowing hotline, among others. While there is no certainty that all of our employees, consultants, partners, or third-party intermediaries will comply with all applicable laws and regulations, particularly given the high level of complexity of these laws, our policies and controls aim to satisfy our obligation to comply with them. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers, or our employees, and liability for the actions of corrupt or other illegal activities of such third-party intermediaries, their employees, representatives, contractors, partners, and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities.

We are subject to increasing global trade laws and regulations, particularly as we endeavor to increase our international sales efforts.

We are subject to U.S. trade laws and regulations, including economic sanctions, export controls, and import laws, as well as similar trade laws and regulations in other countries in which we operate. Failure to comply with global trade laws and regulations can result in penalties and/or reputational harm. Our increasing international sales efforts expose us to increased risk under these laws and regulations, and increasing and evolving global trade laws could impact our business.

We may experience fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates that could adversely impact our results of operations.

As we expand our business and operations internationally, our international sales may be denominated in foreign currencies, and this revenue could be materially affected by currency fluctuations. The volatility of exchange rates depends on many factors that we cannot forecast with reliable accuracy. We typically collect revenue and incur costs in the currency of the location in which we provide our solutions and services, but our contracts with our customers are long-term in nature so it is difficult to predict if our operating activities will provide a natural hedge in the future or as we expand internationally. Our results of operations may also be impacted by transaction gains or losses related to revaluing certain current asset and liability balances that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entities in which they are recorded. Moreover, significant and unforeseen changes in foreign currency exchange rates may cause us to fail to achieve our stated projections for revenue and operating income, which could have an adverse effect on our stock price. As we expand internationally, we will continue to experience fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, which, if material, may harm our revenue or results of operations.

We rely on data, technology, and intellectual property of third parties and our solutions rely on information generated by third parties and any interruption of our access to such information, technology, and intellectual property could materially harm our operating results.

We use data, technology, and intellectual property licensed from unaffiliated third parties in certain of our products, and we may license additional third-party data, technology, and intellectual property in the future. Any

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errors or defects in this third-party data, technology, and intellectual property could result in errors that could adversely impact our brand and business. In addition, licensed data, technology, and intellectual property may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. The loss of the right to license and distribute this third-party data, technology, and intellectual property could limit the functionality of our products and might require us to redesign our products. Our success depends significantly on our ability to provide our customers access to data from many different sources, including, for example, parts-related data for purposes of repair estimation. We obtain much of our data about vehicle parts and components and collision repair labor and costs through license agreements with third parties who may be sole-source suppliers of that data.

If one or more of our licenses are terminated, if our licenses are subject to material price increases, or if we are unable to renew one or more of these licenses on favorable terms or at all, we may be unable to access the information without incurring additional costs or, for instance in the case of information licensed from sole-service suppliers, unable to access alternative data sources that would provide comparable information. While we do not believe that our access to many of the individual sources of data is material to our operations, prolonged industry-wide price increases or reductions in data availability could make receiving certain data more difficult and could result in significant cost increases, which would materially harm our operating results.

Failure to protect our intellectual property could adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Our success depends in part on our ability to enforce and defend our intellectual property rights. We rely upon a combination of trademark, trade secret, copyright, patent and unfair competition laws, as well as license agreements and other contractual provisions, to do so.

In the future we may file patent applications related to certain of our innovations. We do not know whether those patent applications will result in the issuance of a patent or whether the examination process will require us to narrow our claims. In addition, we may not receive competitive advantages from the rights granted under our patents and other intellectual property. Our existing patents and any patents granted to us or that we otherwise acquire in the future, may be contested, circumvented or invalidated, and we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing these patents. The validity, enforceability, scope and effective term of patents can be highly uncertain and often involve complex legal and factual questions and proceedings that vary based on the local law of the relevant jurisdiction. Our ability to enforce our patents also depends on the laws of individual countries and each country’s practice with respect to enforcement of intellectual property rights. Patent protection must be obtained on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis, and we only pursue patent protection in countries where we think it makes commercial sense for the given product. In addition, if we are unable to maintain our existing license agreements or other agreements pursuant to which third parties grant us rights to intellectual property, including because such agreements terminate, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Therefore, the extent of the protection afforded by these patents cannot be predicted with certainty. In addition, given the costs, effort, risks and downside of obtaining patent protection, including the requirement to ultimately disclose the invention to the public, we may choose not to seek patent protection for certain innovations; however, such patent protection could later prove to be important to our business.

Patent law reform in the U.S. and other countries may also weaken our ability to enforce our patent rights, or make such enforcement financially unattractive. For instance, in September 2011, the U.S. enacted the America Invents Act, which permits enhanced third-party actions for challenging patents and implements a first-to-file system. Further, the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2014 decision in Alice v. CLS Bank made it easier to invalidate software patents, leading to us deciding to scale back our patent prosecution strategy. These legal changes could result in increased costs to protect our intellectual property or limit our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection for our products in these jurisdictions.

We also rely on several registered and unregistered trademarks to protect our brand. We have pursued and will pursue the registration of trademarks, logos and service marks in the U.S. and internationally; however,

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enforcing rights against those who knowingly or unknowingly dilute or infringe our brands can be difficult. There can be no assurance that the steps we have taken and will take to protect our proprietary rights in our brands and trademarks will be adequate or that third parties will not infringe, dilute or misappropriate our brands, trademarks, trade dress or other similar proprietary rights. Competitors may adopt service names similar to ours, or use confusingly similar terms as keywords in Internet search engine advertising programs, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly creating confusion in the marketplace. In addition, trade name or trademark infringement claims could be brought against us by owners of other registered trademarks or trademarks that incorporate variations of our trademarks. Any claims or customer confusion related to our trademarks could damage our reputation and brand and adversely impact our business and results of operations.

We attempt to protect our intellectual property, technology and confidential information by generally requiring our employees, contractors, and consultants to enter into confidentiality and assignment of inventions agreements and third parties to enter into nondisclosure agreements, all of which offer only limited protection. These agreements may not effectively prevent, or provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, intellectual property or technology. Despite our efforts to protect our confidential information, intellectual property, and technology, unauthorized third parties may gain access to our confidential proprietary information, develop and market solutions similar to ours, or use trademarks similar to ours, any of which could materially impact our business and results of operations. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and confidential information, and in such cases, we could not assert any trade secret rights against such parties. Existing U.S. federal, state and international intellectual property laws offer only limited protection. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect our intellectual property rights to as great an extent as the laws of the U.S., and many foreign countries do not enforce these laws as diligently as governmental agencies and private parties in the U.S. More broadly, enforcing intellectual property protections outside the U.S., including in some countries we operate in, can be more challenging than enforcement in the U.S. The Company takes certain actions when operating in countries where protection of IP, technology and confidential information, is not as well protected, including steps such as preventing placing sensitive IP in such countries, as an example. Moreover, policing our intellectual property rights is difficult, costly and may not always be effective.

From time to time, legal action by us may be necessary to enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the intellectual property rights of others or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Even if we are successful in defending our claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could negatively affect our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition. To the extent that we seek to enforce our rights, we could be subject to claims that an intellectual property right is invalid, otherwise not enforceable, or is licensed to the party against whom we are pursuing a claim. In addition, our assertion of intellectual property rights may result in the other party seeking to assert alleged intellectual property rights or assert other claims against us, which could adversely impact our business. If we are not successful in defending such claims in litigation, we may not be able to sell or license a particular solution due to an injunction, or we may have to pay damages that could, in turn, adversely impact our results of operations. In addition, governments may adopt regulations, or courts may render decisions, requiring compulsory licensing of intellectual property to others, or governments may require that products meet specified standards that serve to favor local companies. Our inability to enforce our intellectual property rights under these circumstances may adversely impact our competitive position and our business. If we are unable to protect our technology and to adequately maintain and protect our intellectual property rights, we may find ourselves at a competitive disadvantage to others who need not incur the additional expense, time and effort required to create the innovative solutions that have enabled us to be successful to date.

We may enter into joint ventures, collaborations or sponsored developments for intellectual property and, as a result, some of our intellectual property may, in the future, be jointly-owned by third parties.

Engagement in any type of intellectual property collaboration agreement requires diligent management of intellectual property rights. Other than in specific, limited circumstances, we do not currently engage in joint

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ventures, collaborations or sponsored development agreements. Should we enter into such agreements in future, the development of joint intellectual property would create additional administrative and financial burdens, and may place us at heightened risk of disputes or litigation regarding ownership, maintenance or enforcement of such joint intellectual property.

Assertions by third parties of infringement or other violation by us of their intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business and results of operations.

The software industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. In particular, leading companies in the software industry own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets, which they may use to assert claims against us. From time to time, third parties holding such intellectual property rights, including companies, competitors, patent holding companies, customers and/or non-practicing entities, may assert patent, copyright, trademark or other intellectual property claims against us, our customers and partners, and those from whom we license technology and intellectual property.

Although we believe that our solutions do not infringe upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, any such assertions may require us to enter into royalty arrangements or result in costly litigation, or result in us being unable to use certain intellectual property. Infringement assertions by third parties may involve patent holding companies or other patent owners who have no relevant product revenue, and therefore our own issued and pending patents may provide little or no deterrence to these patent owners in bringing intellectual property rights claims against us.

If we are forced to defend against any infringement or misappropriation claims, whether they are with or without merit, are settled out of court, or are determined in our favor, we may be required to expend significant time and financial resources on the defense of such claims. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, such a claim could adversely impact our brand and business. Furthermore, an adverse outcome of a dispute may require us to pay damages, potentially including treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed a party’s intellectual property; cease making, licensing or using our solutions that are alleged to infringe or misappropriate the intellectual property of others; expend additional development resources to redesign our solutions; enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order to obtain the right to use necessary technologies or works; and to indemnify our partners, customers and other third parties. Any of these events could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our solutions or products or our third-party cloud providers have experienced in the past, and could experience in the future, data security breaches, which could adversely impact our reputation, business, and ongoing operations.

As a software business, we face risks of cyber-attacks, including ransomware and phishing attacks, social engineering attacks, computer break-ins, theft, fraud, misappropriation, misuse, denial-of-service attacks, and other improper activity that could jeopardize the performance of our platform and solutions and expose us to financial and reputational impact and legal liability, especially with regards to regulators such as the Federal Trade Commission, which has become increasingly aggressive in prosecuting alleged failure to secure personal data as unfair and deceptive acts or practices under the Federal Trade Commission Act. Furthermore, such adverse impact could be in the form of theft of our or our customers’ confidential information, the inability of our customers to access our systems, or the improper re-routing of customer funds through fraudulent transactions or other frauds perpetrated to obtain inappropriate payments and may result from accidental events (such as human error) or deliberate attacks. To protect the information we collect and our systems, we have implemented and maintain commercially reasonable security measures and information security policies and procedures informed by requirements under applicable law and recommended practices, in each case, as applicable to the data collected, but we cannot be sure that such security measures will be sufficient. In some cases, we must rely on the safeguards put in place by third parties to protect against security threats. These third parties, including

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vendors that provide products and services for our operations, could also be a source of security risk to us in the event of a failure of their own security systems and infrastructure. Our network of business application providers could also be a source of vulnerability to the extent their business applications interface with ours, whether unintentionally or through a malicious backdoor. We cannot, in all instances, review the software code included in third-party integrations. Although we vet and oversee such vendors, we cannot be sure such vetting and oversight will be sufficient. We also exercise limited control over these vendors, which increases our vulnerability to problems with services they provide. Any errors, failures, interruptions or delays experienced in connection with these vendor technologies and information services or our own systems could negatively impact our relationships with partners and adversely affect our business and could expose us to liabilities. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, or to sabotage systems, change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time, we or these third parties may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. With the increasing frequency of cyber-related frauds to obtain inappropriate payments, we need to ensure our internal controls related to authorizing the transfer of funds are adequate. We may also be required to expend resources to remediate cyber-related incidents or to enhance and strengthen our cyber security. Any of these occurrences could create liability for us, put our reputation in jeopardy, and adversely impact our business.

Our customers provide us with information that our solutions store, some of which is sensitive or confidential information about them or their financial transactions. In addition, we store personal information about our employees and, to a lesser extent, those who purchase products or services from our customers. We have security systems and information technology infrastructure designed to protect against unauthorized access to and disclosure of such information. The security systems and infrastructure we maintain may not be successful in protecting against all security breaches and cyber-attacks, including ransomware and phishing attacks, social-engineering attacks, computer break-ins, theft, fraud, misappropriation, misuse, denial-of-service attacks and other improper activity. Threats to our information technology security can take various forms, including viruses, worms, and other malicious software programs that attempt to attack our solutions or platform or to gain access to the data of our customers or their customers. Non-technical means, for example, actions or omissions by an employee or trespasser, can also result in a security breach. Any significant violations of data privacy could result in the loss of business, litigation, regulatory fines or investigations, loss of customers, and penalties that could damage our reputation and adversely affect the growth of our business. In addition, we maintain liability insurance coverage, including coverage for cyber-liability. It is possible, however, that claims could be denied or exceed the amount of our applicable insurance coverage, if any, or that this coverage may not continue to be available on acceptable terms or in sufficient amounts. Even if these claims do not result in liability to us, investigating and defending against them could be expensive and time consuming and could divert management’s attention away from our operations. In addition, negative publicity caused by these events may negatively impact our customer relationships, market acceptance of our solutions, including unrelated solutions, or our reputation and business.

Real or perceived failures in our solutions, an inability to meet contractual service levels, or unsatisfactory performance of our products, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Because we offer solutions that operate in complex environments, undetected errors or failures may exist or occur, especially when solutions are first introduced or when new versions are released, implemented or integrated into other systems. Our solutions are often used in large-scale computing environments with different operating systems, system management software and equipment and networking configurations, which may cause errors or failures in our solutions or may expose undetected errors, failures or bugs in our solutions. Despite testing by us, we may not identify all errors, failures or bugs in new solutions or releases until after commencement of commercial sales or installation. In the past, we have discovered errors, failures and bugs in some of our solutions after their introduction. We may not be able to fix errors, failures and bugs without incurring significant costs or an adverse impact to our business. The occurrence of errors in our solutions or the detection of bugs by our customers may damage our reputation in the market and our relationships with our

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existing customers, and as a result, we may be unable to attract or retain customers. We believe that our reputation and name recognition are critical factors in our ability to compete and generate additional sales. Promotion and enhancement of our name will depend largely on our success in continuing to provide effective solutions and services. The failure to do so may result in the loss of, or delay in, market acceptance of our solutions and services, which could adversely impact our sales, results of operations and financial condition.

The license and support of our software creates the risk of significant liability claims against us. Our SaaS arrangements and licenses with our customers contain provisions designed to limit our exposure to potential liability claims. It is possible, however, that the limitation of liability provisions contained in such agreements may not be enforced as a result of international, federal, state and local laws or ordinances or unfavorable judicial decisions. Breach of warranty or damage liability, or injunctive relief resulting from such claims, could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

Some of our services and technologies use “open source” software, which may restrict how we use or distribute our services or require that we release the source code of certain products subject to those licenses.

Some of our services and technologies incorporate software licensed under so-called “open source” licenses. In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on origin of the software. Additionally, some open source licenses require that source code subject to the license be made available to the public and that any modifications or derivative works to open source software continue to be licensed under open source licenses. These open source licenses typically mandate that proprietary software, when combined in specific ways with open source software, become subject to the open source license. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software, we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software.

We take steps to ensure that our proprietary software is not combined with, and does not incorporate, open source software in ways that would require our proprietary software to be subject to many of the restrictions in an open source license. However, few courts have interpreted open source licenses, and the manner in which these licenses may be interpreted and enforced is therefore subject to some uncertainty. Additionally, we rely on hundreds of software programmers to design our proprietary technologies, and although we take steps to prevent our programmers from including objectionable open source software in the technologies and software code that they design, write and modify, we do not exercise complete control over the development efforts of our programmers and we cannot be certain that our programmers have not incorporated such open source software into our proprietary products and technologies or that they will not do so in the future. In the event that portions of our proprietary technology are determined to be subject to an open source license, we could be required to publicly release the affected portions of our source code, re-engineer all or a portion of our technologies, or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our technologies, each of which could reduce or eliminate the value of our services and technologies and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and prospects.

In the past, companies that have incorporated open source software into their products have faced claims challenging the ownership of open source software or compliance with open source license terms. Accordingly, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software or claiming noncompliance with open source licensing terms.

Any disruption of our, our third-party service providers’ or our customers’ Internet connections could affect the success of our SaaS solutions.

Any system failure, including network, software or hardware failure, that causes an interruption in our or our third-party service providers’ network or a decrease in the responsiveness of our website or our SaaS solutions could result in reduced user traffic, reduced revenue and potential breaches of our SaaS arrangements.

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Continued growth in Internet usage could cause a decrease in the quality of Internet connection services. Websites have experienced service interruptions as a result of outages and other delays occurring throughout the worldwide Internet network infrastructure. In addition, there have been several incidents in which individuals have intentionally caused service disruptions of major e-commerce websites. If these outages, delays or service disruptions occur frequently in the future, usage of our web-based services could grow more slowly than anticipated or decline and we may lose customers and revenue. In addition, our users depend on Internet service providers, online service providers and other website operators for access to our website. These providers could experience outages, delays and other difficulties due to system failures unrelated to our systems. Any of these events could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

There may be adverse tax and/or employment law consequences if the independent contractor status of our consultants or the exempt status of our employees is successfully challenged.

We rely on independent third parties to provide certain services to us. We structure our relationships with these outside service providers in a manner that we believe results in an independent contractor relationship, not an employee relationship. Although we believe that we have properly classified these outside service providers as independent contractors, there is nevertheless a risk that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) or another federal, state, or foreign authority will take a different view. Furthermore, the tests governing the determination of whether an individual is considered to be an independent contractor or an employee are typically fact sensitive and vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Laws and regulations that govern the status and misclassification of independent contractors are subject to change or interpretation by various authorities, and it is possible that additional federal or state legislation on worker classification may be passed in the future. If a federal, state or foreign authority or court enacts legislation or adopts regulations that change the manner in which employees and independent contractors are classified or makes any adverse determination with respect to some or all of our independent contractors, we could incur significant costs under such laws and regulations, including in respect of wages, tax withholding, social security taxes or payments, workers’ compensation and unemployment contributions, and recordkeeping for both prior and future periods, or we may be required to modify our business model, any of which could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There is also a risk that we may be subject to significant monetary liabilities arising from fines or judgments as a result of any actual or alleged non-compliance with federal, state or foreign laws. Further, if it were determined that any of our independent contractors should be treated as employees, we could incur additional liabilities under our applicable employee benefit plans. In addition, we have classified many of our U.S. employees as “exempt” under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) and corresponding state laws. If it were determined that any of our U.S. employees who we have classified as “exempt” should be classified as “non-exempt” under the FLSA or similar state law, we may incur costs and liabilities for back wages, unpaid overtime, fines or penalties and be subject to employee litigation. We have in the past, and may in the future, face claims alleging that employees and/or former employees are or were misclassified as exempt from the overtime pay requirements of the FLSA and therefore entitled to unpaid overtime pay for hours worked in excess of forty (40) hours per week.

We may acquire or invest in companies, or pursue business partnerships, which may divert our management’s attention or result in dilution to our stockholders, and we may be unable to integrate acquired businesses and technologies successfully or achieve the expected benefits of such acquisitions, investments or partnerships.

We expect to continue to grow, in part, by making targeted acquisitions in addition to our organic growth strategy. Our business strategy includes the potential acquisition of shares or assets of companies with software, technologies or businesses complementary to ours, both domestically and globally. Our strategy also includes alliances with such companies. Acquisitions and alliances may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures and may not result in the benefits anticipated by such corporate activity.

In particular, we may fail to assimilate or integrate the businesses, technologies, services, products, personnel or operations of the acquired companies, retain key personnel necessary to favorably execute the combined companies’ business plan, or retain existing customers or sell acquired products to new customers.

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Additionally, the assumptions we use to evaluate acquisition opportunities may not prove to be accurate, and intended benefits may not be realized. Our due diligence investigations may fail to identify all of the problems, liabilities or other challenges associated with an acquired business which could result in increased risk of unanticipated or unknown issues or liabilities, including with respect to environmental, competition and other regulatory matters, and our mitigation strategies for such risks that are identified may not be effective. As a result, we may overpay for, or otherwise not achieve some or any of the benefits, including anticipated synergies or accretion to earnings, that we expect to achieve in connection with our acquisitions, we may not accurately anticipate the fixed and other costs associated with such acquisitions, or the business may not achieve the performance we anticipated, any of which may materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, as well as our stock price. Further, if we fail to achieve the expected synergies from our acquisitions and alliances, we may experience impairment charges with respect to goodwill, intangible assets or other items, particularly if business performance declines or expected growth is not realized. Any future impairment of our goodwill or other intangible assets could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Acquisitions and alliances may also disrupt our ongoing business, divert our resources and require significant management attention that would otherwise be available for ongoing development of our current business. In addition, we may be required to make additional capital investments or undertake remediation efforts to ensure the success of our acquisitions, which may reduce the benefits of such acquisitions. We also may be required to use a substantial amount of our cash or issue debt or equity securities to complete an acquisition or realize the potential of an alliance, which could deplete our cash reserves and/or dilute our existing stockholders and newly-issued securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing stockholders. Following an acquisition or the establishment of an alliance offering new solutions, we may be required to defer the recognition of revenue that we receive from the sale of solutions that we acquired or that result from the alliance, or from the sale of a bundle of solutions that includes such new solutions. In addition, our ability to maintain favorable pricing of new solutions may be challenging if we bundle such solutions with sales of existing solutions. A delay in the recognition of revenue from sales of acquired or alliance solutions, or reduced pricing due to bundled sales, may cause fluctuations in our quarterly financial results, may adversely affect our operating margins and may reduce the benefits of such acquisitions or alliances.

Additionally, competition within the software industry for acquisitions of businesses, technologies and assets has been, and is expected to continue to be, intense. Acquisitions could become the target of regulatory reviews, which could lead to increased legal costs, or could potentially jeopardize the consummation of the acquisition. As such, even if we are able to identify an acquisition that we would like to pursue, the target may be acquired by another strategic buyer or financial buyer such as a private equity firm, or we may otherwise not be able to complete the acquisition on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.

Corporate responsibility, specifically related to environmental, social and governance matters, may impose additional costs and expose us to new risks.

Public ESG and sustainability reporting is becoming more broadly expected by investors, shareholders and other third parties. Certain organizations that provide corporate governance and other corporate risk information to investors and shareholders have developed, and others may in the future develop, scores and ratings to evaluate companies and investment funds based upon ESG or “sustainability” metrics. Many investment funds focus on positive ESG business practices and sustainability scores when making investments and may consider a company’s ESG or sustainability scores as a reputational or other factor in making an investment decision. In addition, investors, particularly institutional investors, use these scores to benchmark companies against their peers and if a company is perceived as lagging, these investors may engage with such company to improve ESG disclosure or performance and may also make voting decisions, or take other actions, to hold these corporations and their boards of directors accountable. Additionally, credit rating agencies may use these scores, or their own scores and ratings, as a consideration in their evaluation of our credit risk. If our credit rating is downgraded on the basis of ESG or “sustainability” metrics, we may face increased costs of capital. We may face reputational

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damage in the event our corporate responsibility initiatives or objectives, including with respect to diversity and inclusion, do not meet the standards set by our investors, shareholders, lawmakers, listing exchanges, credit rating agencies or other constituencies, or if we are unable to achieve an acceptable ESG or sustainability rating from third-party rating services. A low ESG or sustainability rating by a third-party rating service could also result in the exclusion of our ordinary shares from consideration by certain investors who may elect to invest with our competition instead. Ongoing focus on corporate responsibility matters by investors and other parties as described above may impose additional costs or expose us to new risks.

We evaluate our capital structure from time to time and may seek to repurchase our securities, refinance our indebtedness or raise debt or equity to finance our operations. However, we may not be able to do so when desired on favorable terms, if at all, or without dilution to our stockholders and we may not realize the anticipated benefits of these transactions.

We may seek to repurchase our securities, refinance our indebtedness or may need to obtain additional financing to execute on our current or future business strategies, including to develop new or enhance existing solutions, acquire businesses and technologies or otherwise respond to competitive pressures. We may not be successful in managing our capital structure through these scenarios, or they may have an adverse impact on our financial position or the price of our Common Stock. Our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited, and if we fail to raise capital when needed, we could be prevented from growing and executing our business strategy.

If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our stockholders could be significantly diluted. If we accumulate additional funds through debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on such indebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. We cannot assure stockholders that additional financing will be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, when we desire them, our ability to fund our operations, take advantage of unanticipated opportunities, develop or enhance our solutions, invest in future growth opportunities or otherwise respond to competitive pressures would be significantly limited. Any of these factors could adversely impact our results of operations.

We rely on information systems in managing our operations and any system failure or deficiencies of such systems may have an adverse impact on our business.

We rely on our financial, accounting, compliance and other data processing systems, and those of our third-party vendors or service providers who support these functions. Any failure or interruption of these systems, whether caused by fire, other natural disaster, power or telecommunications failure, act of terrorism or war, system modification or upgrade, or otherwise, could materially adversely affect our business. Although back-up systems are in place, our back-up procedures and capabilities in the event of a failure or interruption may not be adequate.

We are engaged in an implementation of a new billing system. Such an implementation is a major undertaking from a financial, management, and personnel perspective. The implementation of the billing system may prove to be more difficult, costly, or time consuming than expected, and there can be no assurance that this system will continue to be beneficial to the extent anticipated. Any disruptions, delays or deficiencies in the design and implementation of our new billing system could adversely affect our ability to process orders, send invoices, produce financial reports, or otherwise operate our business. If we are unable to implement the billing system smoothly or successfully, or we otherwise do not capture anticipated benefits, our business, results of operations and financial condition for future periods could be adversely impacted.

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Regulatory Risk Factors

Failure to comply with the CCPA, CPRA, GDPR, FCRA or other data privacy legislation could subject us to fines, sanctions or litigation, and could potentially damage our brand and reputation and adversely impact our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Data privacy legislation, enforcement and policy activity are rapidly expanding around the world and creating a complex data privacy compliance environment that poses greater compliance risks and costs, as well as the potential for high profile negative publicity in the event of any data breach. The vast majority of our customers are subject to many privacy and data protection laws and regulations in the U.S. and around the world, and we have also agreed in our contracts with certain of our customers to additional data privacy compliance obligations related to data privacy laws and regulations that may be applicable to them. Some of these privacy and data protection laws and regulations place restrictions on our ability to process personal information across our business.

For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which went into effect on January 1, 2020, imposes a number of privacy and security obligations on companies who collect, use, disclose, or otherwise process personal information of California residents. The CCPA created an expanded definition of personal information, established certain new data privacy rights for California residents and created a new and potentially severe statutory damages framework and private rights of action for violations of the CCPA, including for failing to implement reasonable security procedures and practices to prevent data breaches. In November 2020, California voters passed the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”). The CPRA, which is expected to take effect on January 1, 2023, will significantly expand the CCPA, including by introducing additional data protection obligations such as data minimization and storage limitations, granting additional rights to consumers such as correction of personal information and additional opt-out rights, and creating a new entity to implement and enforce the CPRA. While we do not yet know the extent of the impact the CPRA will have on our business or operations, such laws will require us to modify our data processing practices and policies in certain respects. The uncertainty and evolving legal requirements in California and other jurisdictions may increase the cost of compliance, restrict our ability to offer services in certain locations or subject us to sanctions by federal, regional, state, local and international data protection regulators, all of which could adversely impact our business, results of operations or financial condition.

In addition, the GDPR took direct effect across the EU member states on May 25, 2018. The GDPR seeks to harmonize national data protection laws across the EU, while at the same time, modernizing the law to address new technological developments. Compared to the previous EU data protection laws, the GDPR notably has a greater extra-territorial reach and has a significant impact on data controllers and data processors which either have an establishment in the EU, or offer goods or services to EU data subjects or monitor EU data subjects’ behavior within the EU. The regime imposes more stringent operational requirements on both data controllers and data processors, and introduces significant penalties for non-compliance with fines of up to 4% of total annual worldwide turnover or €20 million (whichever is higher), depending on the type and severity of the breach. Although our presence in Europe is currently in the early stages of expansion, and we have taken and will continue to take steps to comply with the EU data privacy legislation, there are a significant number of obligations under the GDPR, many of which are operational, and compliance is an ongoing exercise which is never complete. We are aware that we need to monitor the latest legal and regulatory developments, which may involve compliance costs to address any changes required. We may also experience hesitancy, reluctance, refusal or other challenges engaging with European or multi-national customers due to the potential risk exposure, cost, or difficulty in demonstrating to our customers that the Company is in compliance with various regulatory requirements.

Furthermore, the Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”) may one day limit how we use consumer information. The federal law was passed in 1970 to provide consumers with protections relating to the consumer information held by credit reporting agencies. Although we do not believe we are currently subject to the FCRA, we may be in the future, depending on changes to our products and services or on additional legislative or regulatory efforts

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that could further regulate credit reporting agencies and the collection, use, communication, access, accuracy, obsolescence, sharing, correction and security of such personal information. Similar initiatives are underway in other countries.

Although we take reasonable efforts to comply with all applicable laws and regulations and have invested and continue to invest human and technology resources into data privacy compliance efforts, there can be no assurance that we will not be subject to regulatory action, including fines, audits or investigations by government agencies relating to our compliance with these laws and regulations. An adverse outcome under any such investigation or audit could result in fines, penalties, other liability, adverse publicity, or a loss of reputation, and could adversely affect our business. Moreover, we or our third-party service providers could be adversely affected if legislation or regulations are expanded to require changes in our or our third-party service providers’ business practices or if governing jurisdictions interpret or implement their legislation or regulations in a manner that is adverse to our business, such as by expanding data privacy-related liability into areas to which we and our third-party service providers currently do not and previously did not have exposure, consequently increasing the compliance-related costs borne by us and our third-party service providers.

The current data protection landscape may subject us and our third-party service providers to greater risk of potential inquiries and/or enforcement actions. For example, we may find it necessary to establish alternative systems to collect, use, share, retain and safeguard personal information originating from the European Economic Area and caught by the extra-territorial reach of the GDPR, which may involve substantial expense and may cause us to divert resources from other aspects of our business, all of which may adversely affect our results from operations. Further, any inability to adequately address privacy concerns in connection with our SaaS solutions, or comply with applicable privacy or data protection laws, regulations and policies, could result in additional cost and liability to us, and adversely affect our ability to offer SaaS solutions.

Further changes to data privacy legislation may substantially increase the penalties to which we could be subject in the event of any non-compliance. We may incur substantial expense in complying with the new obligations to be imposed by new regulations and we may be required to make significant changes to our solutions and expanding business operations, all of which may adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

The enactment of new data privacy legislation and evolution of current privacy legislation could cause us to incur incremental cost and liability, adversely affecting our business operations and ability to deliver our financial plans.

As we continue to focus on our SaaS solutions, the amount of personal information we or our third-party cloud providers collect, use, disclose, or otherwise process will likely continue to increase significantly. In addition, a limited number of our solutions collect, use, disclose, or otherwise process transaction-level data aggregated across our customers. We anticipate that over time we will expand our use and collection of personal information as greater amounts of such personal information may be transferred from our customers to us. We recognize that personal privacy has become a significant issue in the U.S., and other jurisdictions where we operate. Many federal, regional, state, local and international legislatures and government agencies have imposed or are considering imposing restrictions and requirements regarding the collection, use, disclosure, and processing of personal data, including the CPRA.

Changes to laws or regulations affecting privacy could impose additional costs and liabilities, including fines, sanctions or other penalties on us and our third-party service providers, which could materially and adversely affect results of operations, business and reputation and could limit our ability to use such information to add value for customers. If we are required to change our business activities or revise or eliminate services, or to implement burdensome compliance measures, our business and results of operations could be adversely impacted. Such changes are a possibility, especially given that consumer advocates, media and elected officials, among others, have increasingly publicly criticized data-focused companies and industries regarding their

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collection, storage and use of personal data. Additionally, in the case of information from our websites and web-based services that is stored with third-party cloud providers that we do not control, our third-party cloud providers may not adequately implement compliance measures concerning the privacy and/or security of any stored personal information. We may be subject to fines, penalties and potential litigation if we or our third-party cloud providers fail to comply with applicable privacy and/or data security laws, regulations, standards and other requirements and the costs of compliance with and other burdens imposed by privacy-related laws, regulations and standards may limit the use and adoption of our solutions and reduce their overall demand for our solutions. Furthermore, any determination by a court or agency that our data practices, products or services violate, or cause our customers to violate, applicable laws, regulations or other requirements could subject us or our customers to civil or criminal penalties. Such a determination also could require us to modify or terminate portions of our business, disqualify us from serving certain customers or cause us to refund some or all of our fees or otherwise compensate our customers, or alter our business practices, potentially at great expense.

Furthermore, concerns regarding data privacy and/or security may cause our customers and end-users to resist providing the data and information necessary to use our solutions effectively. Even the perception that the privacy and/or security of personal information is not satisfactorily managed, or does not meet applicable legal, regulatory and other requirements, could inhibit sales or adoption of our solutions, or could give rise to private class action, or claims by regulators, in each case potentially resulting in a negative impact on our sales and results from operations.

Changes in tax laws or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income tax returns could adversely affect our results of operations.

We are subject to federal, state and local income taxes in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. Our future effective tax rates and the value of our deferred tax assets could be adversely affected by changes in tax laws, including impacts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) enacted in December 2017, and the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (also known as the “CARES Act”), the consequences of which have not yet been fully determined. The U.S. Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service are expected to continue to interpret or issue guidance on how provisions of the Tax Act, will be applied or otherwise administered. As guidance is issued, we may make adjustments to amounts that we have previously recorded that may materially impact our financial statements in the period in which the adjustments are made, and the amount of taxes that we may be required to pay could significantly increase.

Further, we are subject to the examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from such examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. Although we believe we have made appropriate provisions for taxes in the jurisdictions in which we operate, changes in the tax laws or challenges from tax authorities under existing tax laws could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Future government regulation of the Internet could create incremental costs or business disruption, harming our results of operations.

The future success of our business depends upon the continued use of the Internet as a primary medium for commerce, communication and business services. Because of the Internet’s popularity and increasing use, federal, state or foreign government bodies or agencies have adopted, and may in the future adopt, laws or regulations affecting the use of the Internet as a commercial medium. These laws and regulations cover issues such as the collection and use of data from website visitors and related privacy issues; pricing; taxation; telecommunications over the Internet; content; copyrights; distribution; and domain name piracy. The enactment of any additional laws or regulations of the Internet, including international laws and regulations, could impede the growth of subscription revenue and place additional financial burdens on our business.

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Changes to financial accounting standards may affect our results of operations and could cause us to change our business practices. The nature of our business requires the application of accounting guidance that requires management to make estimates and assumptions. Additionally, changes in accounting guidance may cause us to experience greater volatility in our quarterly and annual results. If we are unsuccessful in adapting to the requirements of new guidance, or in clearly explaining to stockholders how new guidance affects reporting of our results of operations, our stock price may decline.

We prepare our consolidated financial statements to conform to U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). These accounting principles are subject to interpretation by the SEC, FASB, and various bodies formed to interpret and create accounting rules and regulations. Recent accounting standards, such as Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), which we adopted in fiscal year 2021, or the guidance relating to interpretation and adoption of standards could have a significant effect on our financial results and could affect our business. Additionally, the FASB and the SEC are focused on the integrity of financial reporting, and our accounting policies are subject to scrutiny by regulators and the public.

We cannot predict the impact of future changes to accounting principles or our accounting policies on our financial statements going forward. If we are not able to successfully adopt to new accounting requirements, or if changes to our go-to-market strategy create new risks, then we may experience greater volatility in our quarterly and annual results, which may cause our stock price to decline.

In addition, GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources.

Further, some accounting standards require significant judgment and estimates that impact our results of operations. The use of judgment and estimates can potentially result in differences between forecast figures and subsequently reported actual amounts, which may cause volatility in our stock price.

Litigation Risk Factors

We are currently, and have been in the past, a party to litigation, which could result in damage to our reputation and harm our future results of operations.

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. Litigation might result in substantial costs and may divert management’s attention and resources, which might harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. For example, we have been named as co-defendants or as the primary defendant in several putative class action lawsuits, which generally allege that the total loss vehicle valuation generated by the Company’s total loss valuation solution undervalues the actual total loss incurred by the insured and improper adjustment of claims by insurance carriers. While we believe that we can partially mitigate the risk and severity of exposure from these lawsuits through contractual provisions in certain of our agreements with insurance carriers, and carrying our own insurance that we believe is adequate to cover adverse claims arising from these lawsuits or similar lawsuits that may be brought against us, we may not have adequate contractual protection in all of our contracts and defending these and similar litigation is costly, diverts management from day-to-day operations, and could harm our brand and reputation. As a result, we may ultimately be subject to a damages judgment, which could be significant and exceed our insurance policy limits or otherwise be excluded from coverage.

Regardless of the outcome of any existing or future litigation, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, harm to our reputation, and other factors. See “Business—Legal Proceedings.”

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Reliance on Third Parties and Key Personnel Risk Factors

If we are unable to retain our personnel and hire and integrate additional skilled personnel, we may be unable to achieve our goals and our business may suffer.

Our future success depends upon our ability to continue to attract, train, integrate and retain highly skilled employees, particularly those on our management team, and our sales and marketing personnel, SaaS operations personnel, professional services personnel and software engineers. Additionally, our stakeholders increasingly expect us to have a culture that embraces diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Our inability to attract and retain diverse and qualified personnel, or delays in hiring required personnel, including attrition, retention and delay issues due to COVID-19 and other macroeconomic factors, may adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. If U.S. immigration policy related to skilled foreign workers were materially adjusted, such a change could hamper our efforts to hire highly skilled foreign employees, including highly specialized engineers, which would adversely impact our business.

Our executive officers and other key employees are generally employed on an at-will basis, which means that these personnel could terminate their relationship with us at any time. The loss of any member of our senior management team could significantly delay or prevent us from achieving our business and/or development objectives and could materially impact our business.

We face competition for qualified individuals from numerous software and other technology companies. Further, significant amounts of time and resources are required to train technical, sales, services and other personnel. We may incur significant costs to attract, train and retain such personnel, and we may lose new employees to our competitors or other technology companies before we realize the benefit of our investment after recruiting and training them.

To the extent that we hire personnel from competitors, we may be subject to allegations that such personnel are restricted from working for us because of their non-competition or non-solicitation obligations to these competitors, have been improperly solicited or have divulged proprietary or other confidential information. In addition, we have a limited number of sales people and the loss of several sales people within a short period of time could have a negative impact on our sales efforts. We may be unable to attract and retain suitably qualified individuals who are capable of meeting our growing technical, operational and managerial requirements, or we may be required to pay increased compensation in order to do so.

Our ability to expand geographically depends, in large part, on our ability to attract, retain and integrate managers to lead the local business and employees with the appropriate skills. Similarly, our profitability depends on our ability to effectively utilize personnel with the right mix of skills and experience to perform services for our customers, including our ability to transition employees to new assignments on a timely basis. If we are unable to effectively deploy our employees on a timely basis to fulfill the needs of our customers, our reputation could suffer and our ability to attract new customers may be adversely impacted.

Because of the technical nature of our solutions and the dynamic market in which we compete, any failure to attract, integrate and retain qualified sales and product development personnel, as well as our contract workers, could adversely impact our ability to generate sales or successfully develop new solutions and enhancements of existing solutions.

We rely on third-party service providers, including third-party cloud providers, to host and deliver our websites, web-based solutions, and other information technology systems and any interruptions or delays in these services could negatively impact our business.

We currently serve our customers from third-party data center and cloud hosting facilities. Our operations depend in part on these third-party providers’ ability to protect these facilities against damage or interruption from natural disasters, power or telecommunications failures, criminal acts, and similar events. In the event that our arrangements with these third-party providers are terminated, or if there are any lapses of service or damage

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to a provider’s facilities, we would likely experience significant interruptions in our cloud-based applications or other business operations as well as delays and additional expenses in making new arrangements to restore services. Any interruptions or delays in our service, whether as a result of third-party error, our own error, fire, floods, earthquakes, acts of terrorism, power loss, telecommunications failures, break-ins and similar events, or security breaches, whether accidental or willful, could impair our ability to deliver our solutions to our customers, resulting in customer dissatisfaction, damage to our reputation, loss of customers and adverse impact to our operations and our business and could cause our revenue to decrease and/or our expenses to increase. Also, in the event of damage or interruption, our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that we may incur.

The controls implemented by our current or future third-party service providers may not prevent or timely detect system failures and we do not control the operations of third-party service providers that we use. Any changes in service levels by our current or future third-party service providers could result in loss or damage to our customers’ stored information and any service interruptions at these third-party service providers could hurt our reputation, cause us to lose customers, adversely impact our ability to attract new customers or subject us to potential liability. Our current or future third-party service providers could decide to close their facilities without adequate notice. In addition, financial difficulties, such as bankruptcy, faced by our current or future third-party service providers, or any of the service providers with whom we or they contract, may have negative effects on our business. If our current or future third-party service providers are unable to keep up with our growing needs for capacity or any spikes in customer demand, it could have an adverse effect on our business. Our property and business interruption insurance coverage may not be adequate to fully compensate us for losses that may occur. Additionally, systems redundancies and disaster recovery and business continuity plans may not be sufficient to overcome the failures of third-party service providers hosting our SaaS solutions.

If it should be needed, a change in service provider for our data center housing or other third-party solutions would be costly and time-consuming to implement, which could negatively impact the operating results of CCC. In addition to the financial impacts, a transition of this type would be a complex effort, which could result in errors or service interruptions for customers and this type could require considerable staff and management’s attention being dedicated to the effort, potentially limiting CCC’s capacity for undertaking other project efforts.

We are currently in the process of planning the migration of certain core information technology systems and customer-facing applications to a third-party cloud provider. If we do not complete the transition or fail to administer these new environments in a well-managed, secure and effective manner, or if the platform(s) we migrate to become unavailable or do not meet their service level agreements for any reason, we may experience unplanned service disruption or unforeseen costs which could result in material harm to our business and results of operations. Our third-party cloud providers, or other service providers, could experience system breakdowns or failures, outages, downtime, cyber-attacks, adverse changes to financial condition, bankruptcy, or other adverse conditions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and reputation.

Indebtedness

Our financial leverage could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our market, expose us to interest rate risk, and prevent us from timely satisfying our obligations.

As of December 31, 2021, our total debt outstanding under the Credit Agreement, dated as of September 21, 2021 (the “Credit Agreement”), was $800 million under our Term B Loans (the “Term B Loans”) and additional unused borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility was $249.3 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility,” and together with the Term B Loans, the “Credit Facilities”). For a description of our Credit Facilities see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt.” If we cannot generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service the Credit Facilities, we may need to refinance the Credit Facilities, dispose of assets, or issue equity to obtain necessary

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funds; we do not know whether we will be able to take any such actions on a timely basis or on terms satisfactory to us or at all.

Our leverage and the covenant restrictions under the Credit Agreement could have important consequences, including, without limitation:

Borrowings under the Credit Facilities bear interest at rates based on the ratio of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ consolidated first lien net indebtedness to the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ consolidated EBITDA for applicable periods specified in the Credit Facilities (the “First Lien Net Leverage Ratio”).

If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations may increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, will correspondingly decrease.

Restrictions imposed by the covenants in the Credit Agreement, and any covenants in any future credit facilities documentation, limit our ability to operate our business and to finance our future operations or capital needs or our ability to engage in acquisitions or other business activities necessary to achieve growth.

The Credit Agreement restrict us from engaging in certain activities. Such covenants, which are generally customary and generally reflect market terms, restrict our ability to, among other things:

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The Credit Agreement contains representations and warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants, customary for a financing of the type. With respect to the Revolving Credit Facility, beginning with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022, the Company is subject to a springing first lien leverage test, tested each fiscal quarter, only if a minimum of 35.0% of the Revolving Credit Facility is (subject to certain exclusions set forth in the Credit Agreement) drawn at the end of such fiscal quarter. The Company was not subject to the first lien leverage test as of December 31, 2021.

We cannot guarantee that we will be able to maintain compliance with these covenants or, if we fail to do so, that we will be able to obtain waivers from the Administrative Agent and/or the required lenders and/or amend the covenants. Even if we comply with all of the applicable covenants, the restrictions on the conduct of our business could adversely affect our business by, among other things, limiting our ability to take advantage of financings, mergers, acquisitions, investments, and other corporate opportunities that may be beneficial to our business. Even if the Credit Agreement is terminated, any additional debt that we incur in the future could subject us to similar or additional covenants. A breach of any of the covenants in the Credit Agreement could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could trigger acceleration of our indebtedness and an increase in the interest rates applicable to such indebtedness, and may result in the acceleration of or default under any other debt we may incur in the future to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. The acceleration of the indebtedness under the Credit Agreement or under any other indebtedness incurred by the Company and/or its subsidiaries in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In the event of any event of default under our the Credit Agreement or any additional future credit facilities, the applicable lenders could elect to terminate borrowing commitments and declare all borrowings and loans outstanding, together with accrued and unpaid interest and any fees and other obligations, to be due and payable. In addition, we have granted a security interest in a significant portion of our assets to secure our obligations under the Credit Agreement. During the existence of an event of default under the Credit Agreement, if not cured or waived, the Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, acting on behalf of the relevant lenders, could exercise their rights and remedies thereunder, including by way of initiating foreclosure proceedings against any assets constituting collateral for our obligations under the Credit Agreement.

We may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our significant debt service obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory, and other factors beyond our control. We may not be able to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and/or interest on our indebtedness. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments, acquisitions, capital expenditures, and payments on account of other obligations, seek additional capital, restructure or refinance our indebtedness, or sell assets. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and could require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

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If we are at any point unable to repay or otherwise refinance our indebtedness when due, or if any other event of default is not cured or waived, the applicable lenders could accelerate our outstanding obligations or proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness, which could force us into bankruptcy or liquidation. In the event the applicable lenders accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness. Any acceleration of amounts due under the agreements governing our Credit Facilities or the exercise by the applicable lenders of their rights under the security documents would likely have a material adverse effect on our business.

We may be adversely affected by the phase-out of, or changes in the method of determining, the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), or the replacement of LIBOR with different reference rates.

LIBOR is the basic rate of interest used in lending between banks on the London interbank market and is widely used as a reference for setting the interest rate on U.S. dollar-denominated loans globally. Our Credit Facilities use LIBOR as reference rates such that the interest due to our creditors under the Credit Facilities, if elected, is calculated using LIBOR.

On July 27, 2017, the U.K.’s Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that administers LIBOR) announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. It is unclear whether new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established such that either continues to exist after 2021 or if alternative rates or benchmarks will be adopted. Changes in the method of calculating LIBOR, or the replacement of LIBOR with an alternative rate or benchmark, may adversely affect interest rates and result in higher borrowing costs. This could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows, and liquidity. We cannot predict the effect of the potential changes to LIBOR or the establishment and use of alternative rates or benchmarks. We may need to renegotiate our Credit Facilities or incur other indebtedness, and changes in the method of calculating LIBOR or the use of any alternative rate or benchmark, may negatively impact the terms of such renegotiated Credit Facilities or such other indebtedness. If changes are made to the method of calculating either LIBOR or LIBOR ceases to exist, we may need to amend certain contracts and cannot predict what alternative rate or benchmark would be negotiated. This may result in an increase to our interest expense.

Additionally, the discontinuation, reform or replacement of LIBOR or any other benchmark rates may have an unpredictable impact on contractual mechanics in the credit markets or cause disruption to the broader financial markets. Uncertainty as to the nature of such potential discontinuation, reform or replacement could have a significant impact on the overall interest rate environment.

Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Common Stock

If the ownership of our Common Stock continues to be highly concentrated, it may prevent minority stockholders from influencing significant corporate decisions and may result in conflicts of interest.

The Cypress Investor Holdings, L.P., GPE VIII CCC Co-Investment (Delaware) Limited Partnership and Advent International GPE VIII-C Limited Partnership (collectively, the “Advent Investor”) owns approximately 57.9% of our Common Stock based on the number of shares outstanding as of May 27, 2022. Under the Shareholder Rights Agreement, the Advent Investor has the authority to fill six (6) of the nine (9) seats on our board of directors, a majority of our board. The Advent Investor will maintain this majority until its ownership falls below 50% of our issued and outstanding stock, at which point they will still be entitled to fill four (4) of the nine (9) seats on our board of directors, with three (3) directors required to be independent. As a result, the Advent Investor currently controls us and for as long as the Advent Investor continues to beneficially own a substantial percentage of the voting power of our outstanding Common Stock, it will continue to have significant influence over us. This concentration of ownership may delay, deter or prevent acts that would be favored by our other stockholders. The interests of the Advent Investor may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of our other stockholders. For example, for so long as the Advent Investor continues to own a majority of the voting power of our capital stock, the Advent Investor could, acting alone, approve all matters requiring a

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stockholder vote, including, without limitation: the election of directors; mergers, consolidations and acquisitions; the sale of all or substantially all of our assets and other decisions affecting our capital structure; the amendment of our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws; and our winding up and dissolution. This concentration of ownership may also have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control of the Company, could deprive our stockholders an opportunity to receive a premium for their Common Stock as part of a sale of the Company and might ultimately affect the market price of our Common Stock. Other than our Chief Executive Officer, members of our Board of Directors who are affiliated with the Advent Investor, the OH Cypress Aggregator, L.P. (the “OH Investor”), or the TCV IX, L.P., TCV IX (A), L.P., TCV IX (B), L.P. or TCV Member Fund, L.P. (collectively, the “TCV Investor”), by the terms of our certificate of incorporation, will not be required to offer us any corporate opportunity of which they become aware and can take any such corporate opportunity for themselves or offer it to other companies in which they have an investment. We, by the terms of our certificate of incorporation, will expressly renounce any interest or expectancy in any such corporate opportunity to the extent permitted under applicable law, even if the opportunity is one that we or our subsidiaries might reasonably have pursued or had the ability or desire to pursue if granted the opportunity to do so. The Advent Investor is in the business of making investments in companies and may from time to time acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. In addition, the Advent Investor may seek to cause us to take courses of action that, in its judgment, could enhance its investment in us, but which might involve risks to our other stockholders or adversely affect us or our other stockholders. As a result, the market price of our Common Stock could decline, or stockholders might not receive a premium over the then-current market price of our Common Stock upon a change in control. In addition, this concentration of share ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our Common Stock because investors may perceive disadvantages in owning shares in a company with significant stockholders.

We incur and will continue to incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management is required to devote substantial time to compliance initiatives and corporate governance practices. We may fail to comply with the rules that apply to public companies, including Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which could result in sanctions or other penalties that would adversely impact our business.

As a public company, and particularly after we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” we will continue to incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company, including costs resulting from public company reporting obligations under the Securities Act, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and regulations regarding corporate governance practices. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the rules of the SEC, the listing requirements of the NYSE, and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. We have hired, and may continue to hire, additional accounting, finance, and other personnel in connection with our becoming, and our efforts to comply with the requirements of being, a public company, and our management and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time towards maintaining compliance with these requirements. These requirements have increased our legal and financial compliance costs and have made and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We continuously evaluate the rules and regulations applicable to us a public company and cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. These rules and regulations are often subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will incur as a result of compliance, disclosure and governance matters or the timing of such costs. These reporting requirements, rules and regulations, coupled with the increase in potential litigation exposure associated with being a public company, could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or board committees or to serve as executive officers, or to obtain certain types of insurance, including directors’ and officers’ insurance, on acceptable terms.

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As a public company, we will be required to provide management’s attestation on internal controls in the future pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404. However, while we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404 within the prescribed period, we have begun and will continue to engage in a process to enhance our documentation and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants, adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented, and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed timeframe or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404. As of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, we did not identify any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we identify one or more material weaknesses in the future, it could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements.

On September 14, 2021, after the completion of our business combination transaction with Dragoneer, the staff of the SEC concluded certain consultations with issuers regarding the balance sheet classification and measurement of redeemable shares that SPAC issuers commonly issue to investors who participate in an initial public offering. As a result of these consultations, SPAC issuers will generally be required to classify their redeemable shares as temporary rather than permanent equity going forward. As the vote and redemption of any redeemable shares in connection with our business combination had already been consummated by the time of this change in accounting practice became known, we chose not to restate Dragoneer’s 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2020 to reflect this change.

The Shareholder Rights Agreement provides that the doctrine of corporate opportunity does not apply with respect to certain of our stockholders, certain of our directors or officers who are not our or our subsidiaries’ employees, and certain affiliates of the foregoing.

Our certificate of incorporation and the Shareholder Rights Agreement provide that the doctrine of corporate opportunity does not apply with respect to certain of our stockholders, certain of our directors or officers who are not our or our subsidiaries’ employees, and certain affiliates of the foregoing. The doctrine of corporate opportunity generally provides that a corporate fiduciary may not develop an opportunity using corporate resources or information obtained in their corporate capacity for their personal advantage, acquire an interest adverse to that of the corporation or acquire property that is reasonably incident to the present or prospective business of the corporation or in which the corporation has a present or expectancy interest, unless that opportunity is first presented to the corporation and the corporation chooses not to pursue that opportunity. The doctrine of corporate opportunity is intended to preclude directors, officers and other fiduciaries from personally benefiting from opportunities that belong to the corporation.

Pursuant to our certificate of incorporation, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the doctrine of corporate opportunity will not apply to any of our directors who is not an employee of us or any affiliate of such non-employee director (including any entity of which such non-employee director serves as a director, manager, officer, employee, agent or other representative, and any direct or indirect partner, stockholder, member, manager or other representative of, or investment vehicle or other entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with, such an entity), and pursuant to the Shareholder Rights Agreement, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the doctrine of corporate opportunity and any analogous doctrine will not apply to (i) Sponsor, the Advent Investor, the OH Investor or the TCV Investor, (ii) any of our directors or officers who is not our or our subsidiaries’ full-time employee or (iii) any affiliate, partner, advisory board member, director, officer, manager, member or shareholder of Sponsor, the Advent Investor, the OH Investor or the TCV Investor who is not our or our subsidiaries’ full-time employee (any such person described in the foregoing sentence being referred to

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herein as an “External Party”). Therefore, we renounced any interest or expectancy in, or being offered an opportunity to participate in, business opportunities that are from time to time presented to any External Party.

As a result, the External Parties are not prohibited from operating or investing in competing businesses. We therefore may find ourselves in competition with the External Parties, and we may not have knowledge of, or be able to pursue, transactions that could potentially be beneficial to us. Accordingly, we may lose a corporate opportunity or suffer competitive harm, which could negatively impact our business or prospects.

As a “controlled company” within the meaning of NYSE listing standards, we qualify for exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. We have the opportunity to elect any of the exemptions afforded a controlled company.

Because the Advent Investor controls more than a majority of the total voting power of our Common Stock, we are a “controlled company” within the meaning of NYSE listing standards. Under NYSE rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by another person or group of persons acting together is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with the following NYSE rules regarding corporate governance:

the requirement that a majority of its board of directors consist of independent directors;

the requirement that the board have a nominating and governance committee composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and

the requirement that the board have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities.

The majority of our nine (9) directors are independent directors, and our Board has an independent compensation committee (in addition to an independent audit committee). We utilize the exception to the requirement that our nominating and governance committee be composed entirely of independent directors. For as long as the “controlled company” exemption is available, our Board in the future may not consist of a majority of independent directors and may not have an independent compensation committee or an independent nominating and governance committee. As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the NYSE rules regarding corporate governance.

We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to “emerging growth companies” this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.

We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, our shareholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30 before that time, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31. We cannot predict whether investors will find our securities less attractive because we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.

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Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

The share price of our Common Stock may be volatile

The share price of our Common Stock may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation:

These market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of our Common Stock regardless of our operating performance.

A significant portion of our total outstanding shares may be sold into the market in the near future. This could cause the market price of our Common Stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our Common Stock.

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Although the Advent Investor, the Sponsor and each other shareholder party to the Shareholder Rights Agreement were prohibited, through January 26, 2022, from transferring any of our securities, in each case, subject to certain customary exceptions, these shares may now be sold and we have filed, and may in the future file or amend, registration statements to provide for the resale of such shares from time to time. If any of these shareholders or another large institutional shareholder were to sell a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock at once or in large blocks, or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them, the market price of our Common Stock could decline.

Reports published by analysts, including projections in those reports that differ from our actual results, could adversely affect the price and trading volume of our Common Stock.

Securities research analysts may establish and publish their own periodic projections with respect to us and our operations. These projections may vary widely and may not accurately predict the results we actually achieve. Our share price may decline if our actual results do not match the projections of these securities research analysts. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who write reports on us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our share price could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, our share price or trading volume could decline.

Delaware law and our Governing Documents contain certain provisions, including anti-takeover provisions, that limit the ability of stockholders to take certain actions and could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.

The Governing Documents, and the DGCL, contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board and therefore depress the trading price of Common Stock. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to take certain actions, including electing directors who are not nominated by the current members of our Board or taking other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. Among other things, the Governing Documents include provisions regarding:

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These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our Board or management.

In addition, the Certificate of Incorporation includes a provision substantially similar to Section 203 of the DGCL, which may prohibit certain stockholders holding 15% or more of our outstanding capital stock from engaging in certain business combinations with us for a specified period of time.

Our Certificate of Incorporation designates the Delaware Court of Chancery or the United States federal district courts as the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, stockholders, employees or agents.

The Certificate of Incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for state law claims for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us; (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our current or former directors, officers, employees, agents or stockholders to us or our stockholders, or any claim for aiding or abetting such an alleged breach; (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law the (“DGCL”) or our Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, or to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws; (iv) any action asserting a claim against us or any current or former director, officer, employee, agent or stockholder, whether arising under the DGCL, our Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, or such actions as to which the DGCL confer jurisdiction on the Delaware Court of Chancery; or (v) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers, employees, agents or stockholders governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The foregoing provisions will not apply to any claims as to which the Delaware Court of Chancery determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of such court, which is rested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than such court (including claims arising under the Exchange Act), or for which such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, or to any claims arising under the Securities Act and, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the United States District Court for the District of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for resolving any action asserting a claim arising under the Securities Act.

Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules or regulations thereunder. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such Securities Act claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, our Certificate of Incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, United States District Court for the District of Delaware shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce the forum provision with respect to claims under the federal securities laws.

This choice of forum provision in our Certificate of Incorporation may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provisions, and the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ charter documents has been challenged in legal proceedings. It is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable, and if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our Certificate of Incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and rules and regulations thereunder.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

All of the securities offered by the Selling Holders pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the Selling Holders for their respective accounts. We will not receive any of the proceeds from these sales.

Assuming the exercise of all outstanding Warrants for cash, we will receive an aggregate of approximately $204.7 million, but will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon such exercise. We expect to use the net proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants, if any, for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions, strategic investments, or repayment of outstanding indebtedness. We will have broad discretion over the use of any proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants. There is no assurance that the holders of the Warrants will elect to exercise for cash any or all of such Warrants. To the extent that any warrants are exercised on a “cashless basis,” the amount of cash we would receive from the exercise of the Warrants will decrease.

The Selling Holders will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by the Selling Holders for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred by the Selling Holders in disposing of the securities. We will bear the costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the securities covered by this prospectus, including all registration and filing fees, NYSE listing fees and fees and expenses of our counsel and our independent registered public accounting firm.

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MARKET INFORMATION FOR COMMON STOCK AND DIVIDEND POLICY

Market Information

Our Common Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CCCS”.

As of May 27, 2022, there were 83 holders of record of Common Stock. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of record holders, and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.

Dividend Policy

We have no current plans to pay cash dividends. The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on Common Stock will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors. Our board of directors may take into account general and economic conditions, our financial condition and results of operations, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions and implications on the payment of dividends by us to our shareholders or by our subsidiaries to us and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends is limited by our credit facilities and may be limited by covenants of other indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur in the future.

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and our capitalization as of March 31, 2022, as follows:

On an actual basis; and

On a pro forma basis giving effect for the cash exercise of our Warrants.

You should read the following table in conjunction with the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

The following summary of certain provisions of our securities does not purport to be complete and is subject to the Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws and the provisions of applicable law.

Authorized Capitalization

General

The total amount of our authorized share capital consists of 5,000,000,000 shares of CCC Common Stock and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock.

The following summary describes all material provisions of our capital stock.

Common Stock

Voting rights. Each holder of Common Stock is entitled to one (1) vote for each share of Common Stock held of record by such holder on all matters voted upon by our stockholders, provided, however, that, except as otherwise required in the Certificate of Incorporation or by applicable law, the holders of Common Stock are not entitled to vote on any amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation that alters or changes the powers, preferences, rights or other terms of one or more outstanding series of preferred stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designation relating to any series of preferred stock) or pursuant to the DGCL.

Dividend rights. Subject to any other provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, as it may be amended from time to time, holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive such dividends and other distributions in cash, stock or property of the Company when, as and if declared thereon by the board, in its discretion, from time to time out of assets or funds of the Company legally available therefor.

Rights upon liquidation. Subject to the rights of holders of preferred stock, in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, whether voluntary or involuntary, after payment or provision for payment of our debts and any other payments required by law and amounts payable upon shares of preferred stock ranking senior to the shares of Common Stock upon such dissolution, liquidation or winding up, if any, the Company’s remaining net assets will be distributed to the holders of Common Stock and the holders of any other class or series of capital stock ranking equally with the Common Stock upon such dissolution, liquidation or winding up, equally on a per share basis.

Other rights. No holder of Common Stock is entitled to preemptive or subscription rights contained in the Certificate of Incorporation or in the Bylaws. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Common Stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of the Common Stock will be subject to those of the holders of the preferred stock that the Company may issue in the future.

Preferred Stock

The board has the authority to issue shares of preferred stock from time to time on terms it may determine, to divide shares of preferred stock into one or more series and to fix the designations, preferences, privileges, and restrictions of preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preference, sinking fund terms and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of any series to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of decreasing the trading price of Common Stock, restricting dividends on the capital stock of the Company, diluting the voting power of the Common Stock, impairing the liquidation rights of the capital stock of the Company, or delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company.

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Election of Directors and Vacancies

Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances and the terms and conditions of the Amended and Restated Registration and Shareholder Rights Agreement, the number of directors of the board shall be fixed solely and exclusively by resolution duly adopted from time to time by the board, but consists of eight (8) directors, which are divided into three (3) classes, designated Class I, II and III, respectively, with Class I consisting of three (3) directors, Class II consisting of three (2) directors and Class III consisting of three (3) directors.

Under the Bylaws, at all meetings of stockholders called for the election of directors, a plurality of the votes properly cast will be sufficient to elect such directors to the board.

Except as the DGCL or the Amended and Restated Registration and Shareholder Rights Agreement may otherwise require and subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any series of preferred stock, in the interim between annual meetings of stockholders or special meetings of stockholders called for the election of directors and/or the removal of one or more directors and the filling of any vacancy in that connection, newly created directorships and any vacancies on the board, including unfilled vacancies resulting from the removal of directors, may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining director. All directors will hold office until the expiration of their respective terms of office and until their successors will have been elected and qualified. A director elected or appointed to fill a vacancy resulting from the death, resignation or removal of a director or a newly created directorship will serve for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the new directorship was created or the vacancy occurred and until his or her successor will have been elected and qualified.

Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any series of preferred stock, any director may be removed from office only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock (as defined below) of the Company then entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. Any such director proposed to be removed from office is entitled to advance written notice as described in the Certificate of Incorporation. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Amended and Restated Registration and Shareholder Rights Agreement, in case the board or any one or more directors should be so removed, new directors may be elected at the same time for the unexpired portion of the full term of the director or directors so removed.

In addition to the powers and authorities hereinbefore or by statute expressly conferred upon them, the directors are hereby empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Company, subject, nevertheless, to the provisions of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation and to any Bylaws adopted and in effect from time to time; provided, however, that no Bylaw so adopted will invalidate any prior act of the directors which would have been valid if such Bylaw had not been adopted.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, any director elected pursuant to the right, if any, of the holders of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances will serve for such term or terms and pursuant to such other provisions as specified in the relevant certificate of designations related to the preferred stock.

Quorum

The holders of a majority of the voting power of the capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, will constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise required by law or provided by the Certificate of Incorporation. If, however, such quorum will not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the holders of a majority of the voting power present in person or represented by proxy, have power to adjourn the meeting from

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time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum will be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum will be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting will be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such adjourned meeting as of the record date fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting.

Anti-takeover Effects of the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws

The Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws contain provisions that may delay, defer or discourage another party from acquiring control of us. We expect that these provisions, which are summarized below, will discourage coercive takeover practices or inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with the board of directors, which we believe may result in an improvement of the terms of any such acquisition in favor of our stockholders. However, they also give the board of directors the power to discourage acquisitions that some stockholders may favor.

Authorized but Unissued Capital Stock

Delaware law does not require stockholder approval for any issuance of authorized shares. However, the listing requirements of the NYSE, which apply so long as the Common Stock remains listed on the NYSE, require stockholder approval of certain issuances equal to or exceeding 20% of the then- outstanding voting power or then outstanding number of shares of Common Stock. Additional shares that may be issued in the future may be used for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings, to raise additional capital or to facilitate acquisitions.

One of the effects of the existence of unissued and unreserved Common Stock may be to enable the board to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, which issuance could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of the Company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise and thereby protect the continuity of management and possibly deprive stockholders of opportunities to sell their shares of Common Stock at prices higher than prevailing market prices.

Special Meeting, Action by Written Consent and Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals

Unless otherwise required by law, and subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any series of preferred stock, special meetings of the stockholders of the Company, for any purpose or purposes, may be called only (i) by a majority of the board or (ii) at any time when no annual meeting has been held for a period of thirteen (13) months after the Company’s last annual meeting, a special meeting in lieu thereof may be held, and such special meeting shall have, for the purposes of the Bylaws or otherwise, all the force and effect of an annual meeting. Unless otherwise required by law, written notice of a special meeting of stockholders, stating the time, place and purpose or purposes thereof, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting, not less than ten (10) or more than sixty (60) days before the date fixed for the meeting. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders will be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.

The Bylaws also provide that unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the board or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee.

In addition, the Bylaws require advance notice procedures for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of the stockholders, including the nomination of directors. Stockholders at an annual meeting

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may only consider the proposals specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the board of directors, or by a stockholder of record on the record date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has delivered a timely written notice in proper form to our secretary, of the stockholder’s intention to bring such business before the meeting.

These provisions could have the effect of delaying until the next stockholder meeting any stockholder actions, even if they are favored by the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities.

Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

The DGCL provides generally that the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding stock entitled to vote on amendments to a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws is required to approve such amendment, unless a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws, as the case may be, requires a greater percentage.

The Certificate of Incorporation provides that the following provisions therein may be amended, altered, repealed or rescinded only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66-2/3% in voting power of all the then-outstanding shares of the Company’s stock entitled to vote thereon and the affirmative vote of at least 66-2/3% of the outstanding shares of each class entitled to vote thereon as a class:

the provisions regarding the size of the board and the election of directors pursuant to the Amended and Restated Registration and Shareholder Rights Agreement;

The Bylaws may be amended or repealed (A) by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire board then in office, without the assent or vote of any stockholder (subject to any bylaw requiring the affirmative vote of a larger percentage of the members of the board) or (B) without the approval of the board, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting stock of the Company entitled to vote on such amendment or repeal, voting as a single class, except for the provisions regarding notice of stockholder business and nominations and special meetings of stockholders, which may be amended or repealed by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66-2/3% of the outstanding voting stock of the Company, voting as a single class, and the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66-2/3% of each class of outstanding voting stock of the Company (provided that if the board recommends that stockholders approve such amendment or repeal at such meeting of stockholders, then such amendment or repeal only requires the affirmative vote of the majority of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote on such amendment or repeal, voting as a single class).

Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute

Section 203 of the DGCL provides that if a person acquires 15% or more of the voting stock of a Delaware corporation, such person becomes an “interested stockholder” and may not engage in certain “business combinations” with the corporation for a period of three years from the time such person acquired 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock, unless:

the board of directors approves the acquisition of stock or the merger transaction before the time that the person becomes an interested stockholder;

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the interested stockholder owns at least 85% of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation at the time the merger transaction commences (excluding voting stock owned by directors who are also officers and certain employee stock plans); or

the merger transaction is approved by the board of directors and at a meeting of stockholders, not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of 2/3 of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder. A Delaware corporation may elect in its certificate of incorporation or bylaws not to be governed by this particular Delaware law.

Under the Certificate of Incorporation, CCC opted out of Section 203 of the DGCL and therefore is not subject to Section 203. However, the Certificate of Incorporation contains similar provisions providing that CCC may not engage in certain “business combinations” with any “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the time that the stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless:

Generally, a “business combination” includes a merger, asset or stock sale or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. Subject to certain exceptions, an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with that person’s affiliates and associates, owns, or within the previous three years owned, 15% or more of our voting stock.

Under certain circumstances, this provision will make it more difficult for a person who would be an “interested stockholder” to effect various business combinations with a corporation for a three-year period. This provision may encourage companies interested in acquiring our company to negotiate in advance with our board of directors because the heightened stockholder approval requirement would be avoided if our board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which results in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder. These provisions also may have the effect of preventing changes in our board of directors and may make it more difficult to accomplish transactions which stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

The Certificate of Incorporation provides that (1) any investment fund affiliated with or managed by Advent International Corporation or any of its affiliates, or any successor, transferee or affiliate thereof, or (2) any person whose ownership of shares in excess of the 15% limitation set forth therein is the result of any action taken solely by the CCC (provided, that such person shall be an “interested stockholder” if thereafter such person acquires additional shares of voting stock of CCC, except as a result of further corporate actions not caused by such person) does not constitute “interested stockholders” for purposes of this provision.

Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors

The Certificate of Incorporation limits the liability of the directors of CCC to the fullest extent permitted by law, and the Bylaws provide that we will indemnify them to the fullest extent permitted by such law. We have entered and expect to continue to enter into agreements to indemnify our directors, executive officers and other employees as determined by our board of directors. Under the terms of such indemnification agreements, we are required to indemnify each of our directors and officers, to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of

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Delaware and the Certificated of Incorporation, if the basis of the indemnitee’s involvement was by reason of the fact that the indemnitee is or was a director or officer of CCC or any of its subsidiaries or was serving at CCC’s request in an official capacity for another entity. We must indemnify our officers and directors against all reasonable fees, expenses, charges and other costs of any type or nature whatsoever, including any and all expenses and obligations paid or incurred in connection with investigating, defending, being a witness in, participating in (including on appeal), or preparing to defend, be a witness or participate in any completed, actual, pending or threatened action, suit, claim or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, or establishing or enforcing a right to indemnification under the indemnification agreement. The indemnification agreements also require us, if so requested, to advance within ten (10) days of such request all reasonable fees, expenses, charges and other costs that any of our directors incurred, provided that such director will return any such advance if it is ultimately determined that such director is not entitled to indemnification by us. Any claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third-party claims against us and may reduce the amount of money available to us.

Exclusive Forum of Certain Actions

The Certificate of Incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, unless CCC consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, that derivative actions brought in the name of CCC, actions against current or former directors, officers, employees, agents or stockholders for breach of fiduciary duty, actions arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, actions to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, actions asserting a claim against CCC or any current or former director, officer, employee, agent or stockholder arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Delaware Court of Chancery, and actions asserting a claim against CCC or any current or former director, officer, employee, agent or stockholder governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the law of the State of Delaware may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware (or, if such court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, another state or federal court located within the State of Delaware); provided, however, that the foregoing shall not apply to any claim as to which such court determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of such court (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of such court within ten (10) days following such determination), which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than such court, or for which such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, or arising under the Securities Act, as to which the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum unless CCC consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum. Although we believe this provision benefits CCC by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, the provision may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers.

Conflicts of Interest

Delaware law permits corporations to adopt provisions renouncing any interest or expectancy in certain opportunities that are presented to the corporation or its officers, directors or stockholders. The Certificate of Incorporation, to the fullest extent permitted by law, renounces any interest or expectancy that CCC has in, or right to be offered an opportunity to participate in, specified business opportunities that are from time to time presented to CCC’s directors or their respective affiliates, other than those directors or affiliates who are CCC’s employees. The Certificate of Incorporation provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, none of the non-employee directors or their respective affiliates will have any duty to refrain from (i) engaging in a corporate opportunity in the same or similar business activities or lines of business in which CCC or any of its affiliates has historically engaged, now engages or proposes to engage or (ii) otherwise competing with CCC or its affiliates. In addition, to the fullest extent permitted by law, in the event that any non-employee director or his or her affiliates acquires knowledge of a potential transaction or other business opportunity which may be a corporate opportunity for itself, herself or himself and for CCC or its affiliates, such person will have no duty to communicate or offer such transaction or business opportunity to CCC or any of its affiliates and they may take

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any such opportunity for themselves or offer it to another person or entity. To the fullest extent permitted by law, no business opportunity will be deemed to be a potential corporate opportunity for CCC unless CCC is financially or legally able or contractually permitted to undertake such opportunity, the opportunity, by its nature, would be in the line of CCC’s business or is of some practical advantage to CCC, and CCC has some interest or reasonable expectancy in such opportunity.

Private Placement Warrants

Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the Company assumed the outstanding public warrants and private warrants issued by Dragoneer. As of February 25, 2021, the Company had 17,800,000 private placement warrants outstanding and no public warrants outstanding.

Public warrants were only able to be exercised for a whole number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock. All public warrants had an exercise price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment, beginning on August 29, 2021, and were to expire on July 30, 2026 or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company’s Public Warrants were fully redeemed or exercised, and there are no Public Warrants outstanding.

The private placement warrants (including Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the private placement warrants) are not redeemable by us so long as they are held by Sponsor or its permitted transferees. Sponsor, or its permitted transferees, has the option to exercise the private placement warrants on a cashless basis. If the private placement warrants are held by holders other than Sponsor or its permitted transferees, the private placement warrants will be redeemable by us in all redemption scenarios and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as the warrants included in the units being sold in Dragoneer’s initial public offering. Any amendment to the terms of the private placement warrants or any provision of the warrant agreement with respect to the private placement warrants will require a vote of holders of at least 50% of the number of the then-outstanding private placement warrants.

If holders of the private placement warrants elect to exercise them on a cashless basis, they would pay the exercise price by surrendering his, her or its warrants for that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the warrants, multiplied by the excess of the “Sponsor fair market value” (defined below) over the exercise price of the warrants by (y) the Sponsor fair market value. For these purposes, the “Sponsor fair market value” shall mean the average reported closing price of the Common Stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of warrant exercise is sent to the warrant agent. If they remain affiliated with us, their ability to sell our securities in the open market will be significantly limited.

The private warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable, except as described above, so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the private warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the private warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the public warrants.

Private warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock. Each whole Private Warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of the Company’s Common Stock. All warrants have an exercise price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment, beginning on August 29, 2021, and will expire on July 30, 2026 or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

Transfer Agent and Warrant Agent

The transfer agent for Common Stock and warrant agent for the private placement warrants is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

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BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of Common Stock as of May 27, 2022 by:

Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security.

Under those rules, beneficial ownership includes securities that the individual or entity has the right to acquire, such as through the exercise of warrants or stock options, within 60 days. Shares subject to warrants or options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the May 27, 2022 or subject to restricted stock units that vest within 60 days are considered outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding such warrants, options for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Except as noted by footnote, and subject to community property laws where applicable, based on the information provided to us, we believe that the persons and entities named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them. The percentage of beneficial ownership is calculated based on 614,720,075 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of May 27, 2022.

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SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS

This prospectus relates to the resale by the Selling Holders from time to time of up to 540,999,737 shares of Common Stock (including 17,800,000 shares of Common Stock that may be issued upon exercise of the Warrants) and Warrants to purchase up to 17,800,000 shares of Common Stock. The Selling Holders may from time to time offer and sell any or all of the Common Stock and Warrants set forth below pursuant to this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement.

When we refer to the “Selling Holders” in this prospectus, we mean the persons listed in the table below, and their permitted transferees, lenders and others who later come to hold any of the Selling Holders’ interest in the Common Stock or Warrants in accordance with the terms of the agreement(s) governing the registration rights applicable to such Selling Holder’s shares of Common Stock or Warrants.

The following table sets forth, as of the date of this prospectus, the names of the Selling Holders, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock and Warrants beneficially owned prior to the offering, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock and warrants that the Selling Holders may offer pursuant to this prospectus, and the number of shares of Common Stock and warrants beneficially owned by, and percentage ownership of, the Selling Holders after the sale of the securities offered hereby. We have based percentage ownership following the offering on 614,720,075 shares of Common Stock and 17,800,000 Warrants, in each case outstanding as of May 27, 2022, and have assumed that each Selling Holder will sell all shares of Common Stock and Warrants offered pursuant to this prospectus. In calculating percentages of shares of Common Stock owned by a particular Selling Holder, we treated as outstanding the number of shares of our Common Stock issuable upon exercise of that particular Selling Holder’s Warrants (if any) and did not assume the exercise or exchange of any other Selling Holder’s Warrants.

We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Unless otherwise indicated below, to our knowledge, the persons and entities named in the tables have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all securities that they beneficially own, subject to community property laws where applicable.

We cannot advise you as to whether the Selling Holders will in fact sell any or all of such Common Stock or Warrants. In addition, the Selling Holders may sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of, at any time and from time to time, the Common Stock and Warrants in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act after the date of this prospectus. For purposes of this table, we have assumed that the Selling Holders will have sold all of the securities covered by this prospectus upon the completion of the offering.

Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each beneficial owner listed in the table below is c/o 167 N. Green Street, 9th Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS

Shareholder Rights Agreement

In connection with the closing of the business combination, the Company entered into the Shareholder Rights Agreement, with certain of its stockholders, including entities affiliated with each of the Advent Investor, the OH Investor, the TCV Investor, Dragoneer and certain current and former officers and directors of the Company, providing for, among other things, certain board designation and representation rights, restrictions on transfer, certain covenants and preemptive rights and registration rights.

Senior Promissory Note

On February 25, 2020, CCC entered into a senior secured promissory note (“Senior Secured Promissory Note”) with Brian Herb, the Chief Financial Officer of CCC, pursuant to which Mr. Herb borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $0.7 million from CCC with an interest rate of 1.58% per annum. All outstanding amounts under the Senior Secured Promissory Note were repaid on February 10, 2021.

Policies and Procedures for Related Person Transactions

The Company adopted a formal written policy that became effective upon the completion of the business combination providing that the Company’s officers, directors, nominees for election as directors, beneficial owners of more than 5% of any class of the Company’s capital stock, any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons and any firm, corporation or other entity in which any of the foregoing persons is employed or is a general partner or principal or in a similar position or in which such person has a 5% or greater beneficial ownership interest, are not permitted to enter into a related party transaction with the Company without the approval of the Company’s Audit Committee, subject to certain exceptions.

Indemnification of Directors and Officers

The Bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (“DGCL”). In addition, the Charter provides that our directors will not be liable for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL.

In connection with the consummation of the business combination, we entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. Each indemnification agreement provides for indemnification and advancements by us of certain expenses and costs relating to claims, suits or proceedings arising from his or her service to us or, at our request, service to other entities, as officers or directors to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law.

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BUSINESS

Throughout this section, references to “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to CCC and its consolidated subsidiaries as the context so requires.

Founded in 1980, CCC is a leading provider of innovative cloud, mobile, AI, telematics, hyperscale technologies and applications for the P&C insurance economy. Our SaaS platform connects trading partners, facilitates commerce, and supports mission-critical, AI-enabled digital workflows. Leveraging decades of deep domain experience, our industry-leading platform processes more than $100 billion in annual transaction value across this ecosystem, digitizing workflows and connecting more than 30,000 companies across the P&C insurance economy, including insurance carriers, collision repairers, parts suppliers, automotive manufacturers, financial institutions and others.

Our business has been built upon two foundational pillars: automotive insurance claims and automotive collision repair. For decades we have delivered leading software solutions to both the insurance and repair industries, including pioneering DRP in the U.S. beginning in 1992. Direct Repair Programs connect auto insurers and collision repair shops to create business value for both parties, and require digital tools to facilitate interactions and manage partner programs. Insurer-to-shop DRP connections have created a strong network effect for CCC’s platform, as insurers and repairers both benefit by joining the largest network to maximize opportunities. This has led to a virtuous cycle in which more insurers on the platform drives more value for the collision shops on the platform, and vice versa.

We believe we have become a leading insurance and repair SaaS provider in the U.S. by increasing the depth and breadth of our SaaS offerings over many years. Our insurance solutions help insurance carriers manage mission-critical workflows across the claims lifecycle, while building smart, dynamic experiences for their own customers. Our software integrates seamlessly with both legacy and modern systems alike and enables insurers to rapidly innovate on our platform. Our repair solutions help collision repair facilities achieve better performance throughout the collision repair cycle by digitizing processes to drive business growth, streamline operations, and improve repair quality. We have more than 300 insurers on our network, connecting with over 27,000 repair facilities through our multi-tenant cloud platform. We believe our software is the architectural backbone of insurance DRP programs and is the primary driver of material revenue for our collision shop customers and a source of material efficiencies for our insurance carrier customers.

Our platform is designed to solve the “many-to-many” problem faced by the insurance economy. There are numerous internally and externally developed insurance software solutions in the market today, with the vast majority of applications focused on insurance-only use cases and not on serving the broader insurance ecosystem. We have prioritized building a leading network around our automotive insurance and collision repair pillars to further digitize interactions and maximize value for our customers. We have tens of thousands of companies on our platform that participate in the insurance economy, including insurers, repairers, parts suppliers, automotive manufacturers, and financial institutions. Our solutions create value for each of these parties by enabling them to connect to our vast network to collaborate with other companies, streamline operations, and reduce processing costs and dollars lost through claims management inefficiencies, or claims leakage. Expanding our platform has added new layers of network effects, further accelerating the adoption of our software solutions.

We have processed more than $1 trillion of historical data across our network, allowing us to build proprietary data assets that leverage insurance claims, vehicle repair, automotive parts and other vehicle-specific information. We believe we are uniquely positioned to provide data-driven insights, analytics, and AI-enhanced workflows that strengthen our solutions and improve business outcomes for our customers. Our Smart Suite of AI solutions increases automation across existing insurance and repair processes including vehicle damage detection, claim triage, repair estimating, and intelligent claims review. We deliver real-world AI with more than 95 U.S. auto insurers actively using AI-powered solutions in production environments. We have processed more than 9 million unique claims using CCC deep learning AI as of December 31, 2021, an increase of more than 80 percent over December 31, 2020.

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One of the primary obstacles facing the P&C insurance economy is increasing complexity. Complexity in the P&C insurance economy is driven by technological advancements, IoT data, new business models, and changing customer expectations. We believe digitization plays a critical role in managing this growing complexity while meeting customer expectations. Our technology investments are focused on digitizing complex processes and interactions across our ecosystem, and we believe we are well positioned to power the P&C insurance economy of the future with our data, network, and platform.

While our position in the P&C insurance economy is grounded in the automotive insurance sector, the largest insurance sector in the U.S. representing nearly half of DWPs, we believe our integrations and cloud platform are capable of driving innovation across the entire P&C insurance economy. Our customers are increasingly looking for CCC to expand its solutions to other parts of their business where they can benefit from our technology, service, and partnership. In response, we are investing in new solutions that we believe will enable us to digitize the entire automotive claims lifecycle, and over time expand into adjacencies including other insurance lines.

We have strong customer relationships in the end-markets we serve, and these relationships are a key component of our success given the long-term nature of our contracts and the interconnectedness of our network. We have customer agreements with more than 300 insurers (including carriers, self-insurers and other entities processing insurance claims), including 18 of the top 20 automotive insurance carriers in the U.S., based on DWP, and hundreds of regional carriers. We have more than 30,000 total customers, including over 27,000 automotive collision repair facilities (including repairers and other entities that estimate damaged vehicles), thousands of automotive dealers, 13 of the top 15 automotive manufacturers, based on new vehicle sales, and numerous other companies that participate in the P&C insurance economy.

We generate revenue through the sale of software subscriptions and other revenue, primarily from professional services. We generated $688.3 million of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of 9% from the prior year which included $34.7 million attributable to the portion of our casualty solution (specifically, the First Party Clinical Services) divested in fiscal year 2020. The divestiture of First Party Clinical Services had a (6%) impact on total revenue growth. Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $248.9 million, compared to a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 of $16.9 million, mainly due to $209.9 million of stock based compensation expense recognized in conjunction with the Business Combination. Adjusted EBITDA increased 28.9% year over year to $261.4 million.

P&C Insurance Economy

P&C insurance is one of the largest global industries. The U.S. P&C insurance industry alone serviced approximately $650 billion in DWP in 2020. Insurance is a necessity for the majority of businesses and consumers, and, as a result, the P&C insurance industry has seen steady long-term growth.

P&C insurers face a number of challenging market dynamics in today’s environment, including increasing customer expectations, competition from new entrants and business models, emerging technologies, retaining and attracting talent, and cost pressures. Insurers are often reliant on legacy on-premise systems to assist with policy and claims adjustments and processing, which can be inflexible and costly to maintain, challenging their ability to innovate and respond to market dynamics.

Further complicating matters, the P&C insurance industry is dependent on the P&C insurance economy, an interconnected economy of industries that interact to service, underwrite, finance, and repair insured assets. Insurance carriers invest in data, systems, services and partnerships to manage the many required collaboration points across these industries. To deliver end-to-end digital workflows and customer experiences, technology needs to extend beyond insurance organizations and include its supporting economy, in order to enable the many interactions and handoffs required to process insurance events.

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In the automotive insurance sector, which represents nearly half of the U.S. P&C insurance industry, processing a single event, such as a claim, can require hundreds of micro-transactions across its supporting economy, involving consumers, lenders, collision repair facilities, automotive manufacturers, dealers, parts suppliers, medical providers, vehicle auctions, and others. These transactions depend on extensive hyper-local decisions and data, creating a level of complexity that can increase processing costs as well as the potential for fraud and other forms of claims leakage. For automotive claims, the end result is more than one billion days of cumulative claims cycle time (loss date to claim completion date) in the U.S. each year. For our insurance partners, cycle time is costly, which is one reason why, as of 2021, CCC’s platform is relied upon by 18 of the top 20 auto insurers based on DWP in the U.S. to digitize complexity and improve business outcomes.

The complexity seen in one auto claim grows exponentially more difficult to manage at scale, and complexity is continuing to increase across the P&C insurance economy. In the automotive sector, this is due to several converging factors including, without limitation:

We believe the only way to effectively manage increasing complexity is through digitization. Since our inception over forty years ago, we have focused our technology on what we believe to be our customers’ most complex problems. We have digitized total loss valuations, repair estimates, DRP programs, shop management functions, repair workflows, medical claims, parts ordering, and much more. In the process, we have built integrations and facilitated partnerships that enable information sharing across our vast network of customer

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companies. Our solutions are well-suited for the next wave of complexity, and we believe these trends will continue to accelerate adoption of CCC’s platform and applications.

Our Approach

Serving as the platform for the P&C insurance economy is a significant challenge that CCC is uniquely positioned to address. We believe our proprietary data and network assets, combined with our track record of innovation on our cloud platform, differentiates us from other potential P&C platform companies. Our approach is to continue to innovate and expand our solutions to create value for the P&C insurance economy.

CCC’s foundation for innovation is built upon decades of data and extensive network assets. We have deep proprietary data assets and more than $1 trillion of historical data, enabling us to provide insights, analytics, and AI-driven workflows. Our leading network was built company by company, and spans the P&C insurance economy, giving us the ability to deploy cross-market solutions and create seamless customer experiences. We believe our data and network assets are highly differentiated and very difficult to replicate.

Our innovative cloud-based applications provide the P&C insurance economy with the capabilities required to manage their businesses, optimize decision making, and digitize intricate workflows. We have a proven Research & Development (R&D) engine with a strong track record of software innovation and deployment on our cloud platform. CCC’s innovations are helping to deliver on the industry’s vision of achieving Straight-Through Processing (STP) – processing claims digitally with limited to no human intervention. In the third quarter of 2021, CCC launched CCC Estimate – STP, the industry’s first estimating experience capable of delivering touchless line level estimate detail in minutes. By combining artificial intelligence, insurer driven rules and a connected ecosystem, Estimate – STP is designed to revolutionize the estimating experience for insurers and policyholders. CCC Estimate – STP has already been deployed in-market with eight insurance carriers.

We believe our ability to rapidly innovate and deploy new software solutions via our cloud technology platform, along with our depth of data and leading network, sets us apart from the competition. The key benefits we deliver for our customers include:

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Our Growth Strategy

We intend to extend our position as the leading provider of SaaS solutions for the P&C insurance economy. The key components of our strategy are:

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Our Solutions

We provide an integrated suite of software applications built on our cloud platform to serve the P&C insurance economy, including insurance, repair, and other end-markets. Our SaaS solutions are sold individually, bundled, or in packages, depending on the specific solution and end-market.

CCC Insurance Solutions

CCC’s solutions help insurers digitize processes, from customer intake to claims, while building smart, dynamic experiences for their customers. Many of our solutions leverage the power of the CCC network by facilitating ecosystem interactions required to complete insurer processes. All of our insurance solutions are cloud-based SaaS solutions that power critical carrier workflows. Our insurance solutions represent

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approximately 52% of our 2021 total revenues, with 94% of that representing software revenue and 6% representing other revenue. Our key insurance solutions include:

CCC Repair Solutions

CCC’s solutions help automotive collision repairers achieve better shop performance, from lead generation through repair completion and payment. Our platform improves every stage and level of the collision repair cycle, combining key business operations into one solution to drive more business, improve repair quality,

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simplify operations, and exceed customer expectations for our collision facility customers. Collision repairers use our platform to connect with the industry’s leading network of partners and suppliers across the insurance and repair ecosystem. Our repair solutions represented approximately 42% of our 2021 total revenues, with 99% of that representing software revenue and 1% representing other revenue. Our key repair solutions include:

CCC Other Ecosystem Solutions

CCC’s solutions support other segments of the insurance ecosystem, including parts suppliers, automotive manufacturers, and financial institutions. These solutions extend the CCC network and create value for companies connecting to our platform to improve business outcomes. Other ecosystem solutions represent approximately 5% of our 2021 total revenue, with 91% of that representing software revenue and 9% representing other revenue. Some of CCC’s other ecosystem solutions include:

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CCC International Solutions

CCC provides insurance claims software in China, with four of the top five automotive insurers in China using our platform. Our software solutions are tailored for the Chinese market, and include workflow, estimating, audit and analytics solutions. We are expanding our software solutions in China to the automotive repair market, where we are building momentum with repair facilities and automotive dealers. We are assessing other international market expansion opportunities by evaluating partnerships and acquisitions of strategic assets. Our international solutions represent approximately 1% of our 2021 total revenue, with 100% of that representing software revenue.

Our Technology

CCC has been a technology leader in the P&C insurance economy for several decades and has a strong track record of innovation. We were one of the leaders in the transition to cloud services, launching our initial CCC cloud capabilities beginning in 2003. Today, our solutions are powered by our secure multi-tenant cloud. Our cloud architecture creates several benefits for our customers and partners across the P&C insurance economy, including:

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Our technology infrastructure offers proven performance at enterprise scale and is designed to support the future needs of our industry as data continues to proliferate. As of year-end 2021, we process more than 90 terabytes of network traffic and execute nearly 3.5 billion database transactions each day. We have invested in hyperscale infrastructure, enabling us to effectively process and store extremely large amounts of information, photos, videos, and driving data. For example, we receive, process, and store more than 500 million photos each year.

Our application layer delivers solutions to a base of more than 520,000 registered users. CCC applications power end-to-end customer experiences, digital workflows, AI, network management, and telematics capabilities across the markets we serve. Our AI approach is based on automated deep learning and parallel processing of mathematical models. This comprehensive approach to data science allows us to continuously improve the accuracy of existing models and release new models that automate time consuming workloads.

Network integrations across more than 300 insurers, 27,000 repair facilities, and thousands of other ecosystem participants unlock the power of the CCC platform. Our network creates tremendous value for our customers, is not easily replicated, and sets us apart from other vertical software companies. We believe that integrating to the insurance economy is the only way to deliver full end-to-end digital workflows across insurance processes. Today we enable more than 400 million interface transactions each year.

Research and Development

Our market leading research and development efforts focus on enhancing our solutions to meet the complex requirements of our customers with a focus on capabilities, operational efficiency, security, and privacy in the cloud. In addition, we invest in new solutions that expand the breadth of our software offerings and create new capabilities for our customers, leveraging current technologies. Our research and development efforts are intended to help our customers improve their operations; drive greater digital engagement with their customers

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and business partners; and gather, store, and analyze data to improve business decisions. We also invest significantly in developing our solutions, services and necessary integrations to meet market requirements, including regulations, language, currency, and local terminology. This market-specific functionality must be updated regularly to stay current with regulatory changes in each market. We rely on a geographically dispersed engineering team, which has grown organically and through acquisitions.

Sales and Marketing

CCC marketing and sales organizations directly engage with decision-makers and industry leaders across the P&C insurance economy to drive software adoption. Our digital marketing provides CCC with a platform to execute highly targeted outreach to tens of thousands of active and prospective clients by customizing communications based on specific client needs or marketplace trends.

Our sales teams are structured to address the different needs of our markets. For our small business sales efforts, CCC employs a geographically dispersed account team structure to facilitate in-person demos and direct sales, along with an inside sales team. For larger insurance and automotive clients, CCC combines both enterprise and regional account teams with solutions and consulting services to lead marketing and sales efforts. Custom analysis, trial programs, and highly consultative account teams drive customer software expansion and adoption.

As a thought leader across the P&C insurance economy, CCC delivers valued data and perspectives to these industries. As the publisher of Crash Course, a robust industry dataset on Auto Physical Damage and Casualty claims trends, CCC engages clients and prospects with custom content, industry analysis, and unique insights. Monthly reports and trends data underpin our marketing outreach generating awareness in trade journals, industry presentations, and online publications. CCC collaborates with partners, clients, and thought leaders to market our solutions and expand our network. Clients participate with us in industry roundtables, including CCC-hosted industry councils across each of the industries we serve. Additionally, CCC hosts an invitation-only Industry Conference annually.

We leverage our strategic partnerships and networks to drive sales and market software functionality. Suppliers and clients on the CCC network, including major parts suppliers, diagnostics service providers, and OEM and insurance partners, help to market CCC software. These co-marketing efforts expand our network and reinforce client value.

Our Customers

We believe we have strong customer relationships across the more than 30,000 total customers in the end markets we serve, and these relationships are a key component of our success given the long-term nature of our contracts and interconnectedness of our network.

We have more than 300 total insurance customers in the U.S., comprised of national carriers and regional carriers. In 2021, our national carrier customers included 18 of the top 20 automotive insurers based on DWP, with average customer relationships spanning more than 10 years, and numerous exclusive arrangements. Our national carrier customers also represent 16 of the top 20 overall P&C insurers in the U.S based on DWP. We work with hundreds of regional carriers, and across all our insurance customers our average contract is approximately three to five years in duration.

We have more than 27,000 automotive collision repair customers, including national MSOs, regional MSOs, independent repair facilities, and automotive dealers that perform collision repair. We partner with all of the national MSOs across the U.S. Our average repair facility contract is approximately 3 years in duration.

In addition to insurance and repair, our customers include more than 4,000 parts suppliers, 13 of the top 15 automotive manufacturers as of 2021, and other companies that participate in the P&C insurance economy. Our

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software solutions and platform are designed to create value for our customers by boosting efficiency, improving cycle time, increasing innovation potential, and enhancing end-customer experiences.

Competition

The P&C insurance economy software market is highly competitive and fragmented. This market is subject to changing technology, shifting customer needs, and introductions of new and innovative software solutions. Our competitors vary in size, breadth, and scope of their solutions. Our current principal competitors include the following:

Competitive factors in our industry will vary across solution and ecosystem segments. The principal competitive factors include software functionality, performance and value delivery, innovation potential, network breadth, implementation and support, and customer references. We believe that we compete favorably on the basis of each of these factors.

Intellectual Property

We own or have pending patents and patent applications, which generally apply to our software. As of December 31, 2021, we owned 25 issued U.S. patents, which are scheduled to expire between June 2022 and April 2038, and 10 patent applications pending for examination in the U.S.

In addition, we enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements with employees, consultants, contractors and business partners, and employees and contractors are also subject to invention assignment provisions. As part of our contracting process with third parties, we use contract terms such as limited licenses, restrictions on use, and confidentiality, as additional measures to protect our intellectual property.

Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”)

As we have recently become a public company, we are currently formalizing our approach to ESG to ensure that stakeholder needs and material ESG topics have appropriate strategies and governance in place. We are developing a formal framework for ESG that we will report on in the future. We look forward to enhancing our disclosures for ESG as we continue to make progress on this critical initiative.

Human Capital Management

As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately 2,250 employees and 100 contingent employees. As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately 2,100 employees in the U.S. and approximately 150 employees internationally. None of our employees are represented by a labor union and we have not had any work stoppages.

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Throughout the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic we have prioritized the health and safety of our employees, offering a flexible work model that balances business requirements and employee preferences. We believe this approach helped us continue to retain our current employees and remain competitive when hiring future talent.

Our highly engaged workforce is a result of employees’ collective demonstration of our values—integrity, customer-focus, innovation, inclusion and diversity, and tenacity—as well as our collaborative and results-oriented culture. Our annual performance management process embeds behavioral competencies holding our leaders accountable for maintaining highly engaged teams and supporting the development of others. Every employee is encouraged to work with their manager to create an individual development plan focused on their career aspirations and documenting objectives they will strive to achieve through opportunities such as self-directed e-learning, soft-skill and technical/product training via our Learning Academy, professional certifications, stretch assignments, and our formal mentorship program. We also offer tuition reimbursement for employees who wish to continue their formal education. In 2021, much of our leadership development investment was dedicated to increasing awareness around the critical importance of Inclusion and Diversity (“I&D”) as a key business enabler, specifically equipping our people leaders with the skills and tools to lead inclusively.

Our goal is to hire individuals who share the passion for and commitment to the work we do. We offer a comprehensive compensation and benefits program that includes competitive wages, a 401(k) with match, an Employee Stock Purchase Program, and a wellness program. Recognizing the importance of work/life balance to mental and physical health, we offer an Employee Assistance Program and a generous PTO plan that we encourage employees to use. To ensure we are advancing our under-represented hiring, we have partnered with several job boards and technical event-based recruiting companies who help to expand our reach to a broader, more diverse set of candidates. We have a formal internship program, targeting leading universities throughout the Midwest and partnering with under-represented university groups. Through our focus on increasing the diversity of our candidate pool, we increased the number of 2021 new hires from under-represented backgrounds as compared to the prior year.

We believe a diverse workforce at all levels and an inclusive culture are foundational to our success and will enable us to better serve our customers. We have advanced our commitment to I&D through the creation of a new Diversity Advisory Council (“DAC”), whose mission is to support the development and execution of our I&D strategy. Through the DAC, we organized 12 unique cultural/heritage events to celebrate and honor the diversity of our team members and launched CCC’s first employee resource group dedicated to supporting the needs of our African American employees.

We recognize that women and people of color continue to be under-represented in the technology and collision repair industries, and that’s why we prioritize our corporate giving to those organizations whose mission is to increase access and exposure to careers in these fields. In 2021, we initiated new partnerships with Black Girls Code and the Thurgood Marshall College Foundation, while continuing our long-standing support of the Collision Repair Education Foundation, Collision Industry Foundation, and Women’s Industry Network.

Properties

Our corporate headquarters are located at 167 N. Green Street, Chicago, Illinois, where we occupy approximately 141,000 square feet of office space pursuant to a lease that expires in 2037. We maintain additional leased office spaces in various locations in the United States and China pursuant to leases that expire between 2022 and 2027. We own a commercial office building in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. We believe that our current facilities are adequate for our present needs and suitable additional facilities will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms if and when needed.

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, CCC and its subsidiaries are (or may become) parties to litigation involving property, personal injury, contract, intellectual property and other claims, as well as stockholder

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derivative actions, class action lawsuits and other matters. The amounts that may be recovered in such matters may be subject to insurance coverage. Although the results of legal proceedings and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, neither CCC nor any of its subsidiaries is currently a party to any legal proceedings the outcome of which, we believe, if determined adversely to us, would individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. See Note 23 to CCC’s condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for additional information.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our condensed consolidated audited financials and unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from the forward-looking statements included herein. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in the section titled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” as set forth elsewhere in this prospectus.

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references to “CCC,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and other similar terms refer to Cypress Holdings Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Business Combination and to CCC Intelligent Solutions Holdings Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries after giving effect to the Business Combination.

Business Overview

Founded in 1980, CCC is a leading provider of innovative cloud, mobile, AI, telematics, hyperscale technologies and applications for the P&C insurance economy. Our SaaS platform connects trading partners, facilitates commerce, and supports mission-critical, AI-enabled digital workflows. Leveraging decades of deep domain experience, our industry-leading platform processes more than $100 billion in annual transaction value across this ecosystem, digitizing workflows and connecting more than 30,000 companies across the P&C insurance economy, including insurance carriers, collision repairers, parts suppliers, automotive manufacturers, financial institutions and others.

Our business has been built upon two foundational pillars: automotive insurance claims and automotive collision repair. For decades we have delivered leading software solutions to both the insurance and repair industries, including pioneering DRP in the U.S. beginning in 1992. Direct Repair Programs connect auto insurers and collision repair shops to create business value for both parties, and require digital tools to facilitate interactions and manage partner programs. Insurer-to-shop DRP connections have created a strong network effect for CCC’s platform, as insurers and repairers both benefit by joining the largest network to maximize opportunities. This has led to a virtuous cycle in which more insurers on the platform drives more value for the collision shops on the platform, and vice versa.

We believe we have become a leading insurance and repair SaaS provider in the U.S. by increasing the depth and breadth of our SaaS offerings over many years. Our insurance solutions help insurance carriers manage mission-critical workflows, from claims to underwriting, while building smart, dynamic experiences for their own customers. Our software integrates seamlessly with both legacy and modern systems alike and enables insurers to rapidly innovate on our platform. Our repair solutions help collision repair facilities achieve better performance throughout the collision repair cycle by digitizing processes to drive business growth, streamline operations, and improve repair quality. We have more than 300 insurers on our network, connecting with over 27,000 repair facilities through our multi-tenant cloud platform. We believe our software is the architectural backbone of insurance DRP programs and is the primary driver of material revenue for our collision shop customers and a source of material efficiencies for our insurance carrier customers.

Our platform is designed to solve the “many-to-many” problem faced by the insurance economy. There are numerous internally and externally developed insurance software solutions in the market today, with the vast majority of applications focused on insurance-only use cases and not on serving the broader insurance ecosystem. We have prioritized building a leading network around our automotive insurance and collision repair pillars to further digitize interactions and maximize value for our customers. We have tens of thousands of companies on

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our platform that participate in the insurance economy, including insurers, repairers, parts suppliers, automotive manufacturers, and financial institutions. Our solutions create value for each of these parties by enabling them to connect to our vast network to collaborate with other companies, streamline operations, and reduce processing costs and dollars lost through claims management inefficiencies, or claims leakage. Expanding our platform has added new layers of network effects, further accelerating the adoption of our software solutions.

We have processed more than $1 trillion of historical data across our network, allowing us to build proprietary data assets that leverage insurance claims, vehicle repair, automotive parts and other vehicle-specific information. We are uniquely positioned to provide data-driven insights, analytics, and AI-enhanced workflows that strengthen our solutions and improve business outcomes for our customers. Our suite of AI solutions increases automation across existing insurer processes including vehicle damage detection, claim triage, repair estimating, intelligent claims review, and subrogation. We deliver real-world AI with more than 95 U.S. auto insurers actively using AI-powered solutions in production environments. We have processed more than 9 million unique claims using CCC deep learning AI as of December 31, 2021, an increase of more than 80 percent over December 31, 2020.

One of the primary obstacles facing the P&C insurance economy is increasing complexity. Complexity in the P&C insurance economy is driven by technological advancements, Internet of Things (“IoT”) data, new business models, and changing customer expectations. We believe digitization plays a critical role in managing this growing complexity while meeting customer expectations. Our technology investments are focused on digitizing complex processes and interactions across our ecosystem, and we believe we are well positioned to power the P&C insurance economy of the future with our data, network, and platform.

While our position in the P&C insurance economy is grounded in the automotive insurance sector, the largest insurance sector in the U.S. representing nearly half of Direct Written Premiums (“DWP”), we believe our integrations and cloud platform are capable of driving innovation across the entire P&C insurance economy. Our customers are increasingly looking for CCC to expand its solutions to other parts of their business where they can benefit from our technology, service, and partnership. In response, we are investing in new solutions that we believe will enable us to digitize the entire automotive claims lifecycle, and over time expand into adjacencies including other insurance lines.

We have strong customer relationships in the end-markets we serve, and these relationships are a key component of our success given the long-term nature of our contracts and the interconnectedness of our network. We have customer agreements with more than 300 insurers (including carriers, self-insurers and other entities processing insurance claims), including 18 of the top 20 automotive insurance carriers in the U.S., based on DWP, and hundreds of regional carriers. We have more than 30,000 total customers, including over 27,000 automotive collision repair facilities (including repairers and other entities that estimate damaged vehicles), thousands of automotive dealers, 13 of the top 15 automotive manufacturers, based on new vehicle sales, and numerous other companies that participate in the P&C insurance economy.

We generate revenue through the sale of software subscriptions and other revenue, primarily from professional services. We generated $688.3 million of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of 9% from the prior year which included $34.7 million attributable to the portion of our casualty solution (specifically, the First Party Clinical Services) divested in fiscal year 2020. The divestiture of First Party Clinical Services had a (6%) impact on total revenue growth. Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $248.9 million, compared to a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 of $16.9 million, mainly due to $209.9 million of stock-based compensation expense recognized in conjunction with the Business Combination. Adjusted EBITDA increased 28.9% year-over-year to $261.4 million. See our reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA within the section titled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

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Basis of Presentation

Our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus include our accounts and those of our consolidated subsidiaries and were prepared in accordance with GAAP. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include 100% of the accounts of wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries and the ownership interest of the minority investor is recorded as a non-controlling interest in a subsidiary.

We operate in one operating segment. Our chief operating decision maker is the chief executive officer. The chief executive officer reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by information about revenue by type of service and geographic region, for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance.

Effective January 1, 2021, our lease accounting policy follows the guidance from Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases, which requires companies to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by the leased asset. We adopted this standard using the modified retrospective approach for all leases entered into before the effective date. Prior to the adoption of ASC 842, our lease accounting recognition policy followed guidance from ASC 840, Leases. Due to the adoption of this guidance, we recognized operating right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities of $47.1 million and $53.0 million, respectively, as of the date of adoption. The difference between the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet is primarily due to the accrual for lease payments as a result of straight line lease expense and unamortized tenant incentive liability balances. See Note 2 and Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Key Performance Measures and Operating Metrics

In addition to our GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures, we rely on Software Net Dollar Retention Rate (“Software NDR”) and Software Gross Dollar Retention Rate (“Software GDR”) to measure and evaluate our business to make strategic decisions. Software NDR and Software GDR may not be comparable to or calculated in the same way as other similarly titled measures used by other companies.

Software NDR

We believe that Software NDR provides our management and our investors with insight into our ability to retain and grow revenue from our existing customers, as well as their potential long-term value to us. We also believe the results shown by this metric reflect the stability of our revenue base, which is one of our core competitive strengths. We calculate Software NDR by dividing (a) annualized software revenue recorded in the last month of the measurement period, for example, March for a quarter ending March 31, for unique billing accounts that generated revenue during the corresponding month of the prior year by (b) annualized software revenue as of the corresponding month of the prior year. The calculation includes changes for these billing accounts, such as change in the solutions purchased, changes in pricing and transaction volume, but does not reflect revenue for new customers added. The calculation excludes: (a) changes in estimates related to the timing of one-time revenue and other revenue, including professional services, and (b) annualized software revenue for smaller customers with annualized software revenue below the threshold of $100,000 for carriers and $4,000 for shops. The customers that do not meet the revenue threshold are small carriers and shops that tend to have different buying behaviors, with a narrower solution focus, and different tenure compared to our core customers (excluded small carriers and shops represent less than 5% of total revenue within these sales channels). Our Software NDR includes carriers and shops who subscribe to our auto physical damage solutions, which account for most of the Company’s revenue, and excludes revenue from diagnostic providers, smaller emerging solutions

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with international subsidiaries or other ecosystem solutions, such as parts suppliers and other automotive manufacturers, and also excludes CCC Casualty which are largely usage and professional service based solutions.

Software GDR

We believe that Software GDR provides our management and our investors with insight into the value our solutions provide to our customers as represented by our ability to retain our existing customer base. We believe the results shown by this metric reflect the strength and stability of our revenue base, which is one of our core competitive strengths. We calculate Software GDR by dividing (a) annualized software revenue recorded in the last month of the measurement period in the prior year, reduced by annualized software revenue for unique billing accounts that are no longer customers as of the current period end by (b) annualized software revenue as of the corresponding month of the prior year. The calculation reflects only customer losses and does not reflect customer expansion or contraction for these billing accounts and does not reflect revenue for new customer billing accounts added. Our Software GDR calculation represents our annualized software revenue that is retained from the prior year and demonstrates that the vast majority of our customers continue to use our solutions and renew their subscriptions. The calculation excludes: (a) changes in estimates related to the timing of one-time revenue and other revenue, including professional services, and (b) annualized software revenue for smaller customers with annualized software revenue below the threshold of $100,000 for carriers and $4,000 for shops. The customers that do not meet the revenue threshold are small carriers and shops that tend to have different buying behaviors, with a narrower solution focus, and different tenure compared to our core customers (excluded small carriers and shops which represent less than 5% of total revenue within these sales channels). Our Software GDR includes carriers and shops who subscribe to our auto physical damage solutions, which account for most of the Company’s revenue, and excludes revenue from diagnostic providers, smaller emerging solutions with international subsidiaries or other ecosystem solutions, such as parts suppliers and other automotive manufacturers, and excludes CCC’s casualty solutions which are largely usage and professional service based solutions.

Recent Developments

Business Acquisition—On February 8, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of Safekeep, Inc. (“Safekeep”), a privately held company that leverages AI to streamline and improve subrogation management across auto, property, workers’ compensation and other insurance lines of business.

In exchange for all the outstanding shares of Safekeep, the Company paid total cash consideration of $32.3 million upon closing, subject to adjustment for certain post-closing indemnities. As additional consideration for the shares, the acquisition agreement includes a contingent earnout for additional cash consideration based on the achievement of certain revenue targets during the year ending December 31, 2024.

For additional information, see Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

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Secondary Offering—During April 2022, certain existing shareholders completed a secondary offering where the selling shareholders sold 20,000,000 shares of common stock at a price to the public of $9.70 per share. In addition, the selling shareholders granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 3,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at the same per share price. The Company did not receive proceeds from the sale of these shares by the existing stockholders.

Key Factors Affecting Operating Results

The following are key factors affecting our operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, and the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:

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Components of Results of Operations

Revenues

Revenue is derived from the sale of software subscriptions and other revenue, primarily professional services. Software subscription revenues are comprised of fees from customers for the right to use the hosted software over the contract period without taking possession of the software. These revenues are billed on either a subscription or transactional basis with subscription revenue recognized ratably over the contract period and transactional revenue recognized when the transaction for the related service occurs. We generally invoice software subscription agreements monthly either in advance or in arrears, over the subscription period. Software subscription revenue accounted for $179.8 million and $152.0 million, or 96% and 96%, of total revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Software subscription revenue accounted for $662.3 million, $573.6 million and $540.2 million or 96%, 91% and 88% of total revenue during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We continue to expect software subscription revenue to be a high percentage of total revenue as software subscription revenue continues to be a key strategic priority.

Revenues from professional services include fees from customers for the Company’s First Party Clinical Services and other non-software services. First Party Clinical Services revenue and other non-software services revenue is recognized in the period the service is performed.

In December 2020, we sold our First Party Clinical Services to a third-party buyer. First Party Clinical Services revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $0.0 million, $34.7 million and $46.0 million, respectively.

Costs and Expenses

Cost of Revenues

Cost of Revenues, exclusive of amortization of acquired technologies

These costs include costs of software subscription and professional services revenue. Our cost of software subscription revenue is primarily comprised of cloud infrastructure costs, software production costs, information technology (“IT”) security costs, license and royalty fees paid to third parties and personnel-related expenses, including salaries, other direct personnel-related costs and stock-based compensation, and depreciation expense. We expect cost of revenue, exclusive of amortization of acquired intangibles, to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to hire personnel, require additional cloud infrastructure and incur higher royalty fees in support of our revenue growth.

Our cost of other revenue is primarily comprised of personnel-related expenses for our customer support teams and contractors, including salaries, direct personnel-related costs and stock-based compensation, and fees paid to third parties. We expect our cost of other revenue to increase in absolute dollars in support of our revenue growth.

In December 2020, we sold our First Party Clinical Services to a third-party buyer. First Party Clinical Services cost of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $0.0 million, $31.3 million and $39.9 million, respectively.

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Amortization of Acquired Technologies

We amortize to cost of revenue the capitalized costs of technologies acquired in connection with historical acquisitions.

Impairment of Acquired Technologies

Impairment of acquired technologies consists of impairment charges of technologies acquired in connection with historical acquisitions.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses are categorized into the following categories:

Research and development

Our research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs, including stock-based compensation, and costs of external development resources involved in the engineering, design and development of new solutions, as well as expenses associated with significant ongoing improvements to existing solutions. Research and development expenses also include costs for certain IT expenses.

Research and development costs, other than software development costs qualifying for capitalization, are expensed as incurred. Capitalized software development costs consist primarily of personnel-related costs.

We expect research and development expenses, excluding stock-based compensation, to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to dedicate substantial resources to develop, improve and expand the functionality of our solutions. We also expect an increase in the rate of capitalization of our investments in research and development for the foreseeable future.

Selling and Marketing

Our selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs for our sales and marketing functions, including sales commissions and stock-based compensation. Additionally, selling and marketing expenses include advertising costs, marketing costs and event costs, including the Company’s annual industry conference, generally held annually in the second quarter.

We expect our selling and marketing expenses, excluding stock-based compensation, to increase on an absolute dollar basis as we continue to increase investments to support the growth of our business.

General and Administrative

Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs, including stock-based compensation, for our executive management and administrative employees, including finance and accounting, human resources, information technology, facilities and legal functions. Additionally, general and administrative expenses include professional service fees, insurance premiums, and other corporate expenses that are not allocated to the above expense categories.

We expect our general and administrative expenses, excluding stock-based compensation, to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to expand our operations, hire additional personnel, and incur costs as a public company.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Our amortization of intangible assets consists of the capitalized costs of customer relationships and favorable lease terms acquired in connection with historical acquisitions.

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Impairment

Impairment consists of impairment charges recognized on goodwill and intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Non-operating income (expense)

Non-operating income (expense) is categorized into the following categories:

Interest Expense

Interest expense comprises interest expense accrued or paid on our indebtedness. We expect interest expense to vary each reporting period depending on the amount of outstanding indebtedness and prevailing interest rates.

Gain on Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Swaps

Gain (loss) on change in fair value of interest rate swaps comprises fair value adjustments of our interest rate swap agreements at the end of each reporting period.

In September 2021, we extinguished the interest rate swaps and do not expect to recognize any gain or loss on the change in fair value of interest rate swaps in subsequent periods.

Gain on Sale of Cost Method Investment

Gain on sale of cost method investment was $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The gain recognized was due to the $3.9 million payment received in exchange for its equity interest in an investee as a result of the acquisition of the investee. The Company did not recognize any gain or loss on sale of cost method investment during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities comprises fair value adjustments of the Public Warrants and Private Warrants assumed in connection with the Business Combination. We expect the change in fair value of warrant liabilities to vary each reporting period depending on the fair value adjustments and number of exercises and redemptions of outstanding Public Warrants and Private Warrants during each reporting period. In December 2021, we redeemed all of our outstanding Public Warrants and as of December 31, 2021, the Company no longer has Public Warrants outstanding subject to fair value adjustments.

Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt

Loss on early extinguishment of debt comprises the write-off of deferred financing fees and original issue discount associated with the Company’s long-term debt at the time of extinguishment.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest income on the Company’s cash balances and foreign currency transaction gains and losses related to the impact of transactions denominated in a foreign currency.

Income Tax Benefit

Income tax benefit consists of U.S. and state income taxes and income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business. Earnings from our non-U.S. activities are subject to local country income tax and

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may be subject to current U.S. income tax. Due to cumulative losses, we maintain a full valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for our operations in foreign jurisdictions. We expect to maintain this full valuation allowance for the foreseeable future.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021

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NM—Not Meaningful

Revenues

Revenue increased by $29.0 million to $186.8 million, or 18.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase in revenue was primarily a result of 15% growth from existing customer upgrades and expanding solution offerings to these existing customers as well as 3% growth from new customers.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues increased by $4.8 million to $49.4 million, or 10.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Cost of Revenues, exclusive of amortization of acquired technologies

Cost of revenues, exclusive of amortization of acquired technologies, increased $4.7 million to $42.7 million, or 12.3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase was due to a $1.6 million increase in personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, a $1.8 million increase in third party license and royalty fees and a $0.8 million increase in consulting costs.

Amortization of Acquired Technologies

Amortization of acquired technologies was $6.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to a $6.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Gross Profit

Gross profit increased by $24.2 million to $137.4 million, or 21.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. Our gross profit margin increased to 73.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to 71.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase in both gross profit and gross profit margin was due to increased software subscription revenues and economies of scale resulting from fixed cost arrangements.

Research and Development

Research and development expense increased by $5.1 million to $35.7 million, or 16.5%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase was due to a $6.4 million increase in personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, a $1.0 million increase in consulting costs, and a $0.9 million increase in IT costs, partially offset by a $3.6 million increase in the amount of capitalized time on development projects.

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Selling and Marketing

Selling and marketing expense increased by $7.4 million to $26.8 million, or 38.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to a $6.5 million increase in personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, sales incentives and employee travel costs, a $0.3 million increase in marketing and event costs and a $0.3 million increase in consulting costs.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense increased by $6.4 million to $44.2 million, or 16.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to a $3.7 million increase in personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, a $1.8 million increase in insurance costs and a $0.8 million increase in loss on disposal of software, equipment and property associated with the closure of the Company’s previous headquarters in March 2022.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets was $18.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

Interest Expense

Interest expense decreased by $11.4 million to $7.3 million, or 60.9%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021 primarily due to less outstanding long-term debt and a lower variable interest rate during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Gain on Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Swaps

The gain recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2021 was due to the proximity of the maturity date of the swap agreements prior to the extinguishment of the interest rate swaps in September 2021.

Gain on Sale of Cost Method Investment

Gain on sale of cost method investment was $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The gain recognized was due to the $3.9 million payment received in exchange for its equity interest in an investee as a result of the acquisition of the investee. The Company did not recognize any gain or loss on sale of cost method investment during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities was $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The warrant liabilities were recorded as part of the Business Combination and therefore did not exist during the three months ended March 31, 2021. The income from the change in fair value was due to the decrease in the estimated fair value of the Private Warrants, primarily from the lower price of the Company’s common stock at March 31, 2022, compared to December 31, 2021.

Income Tax Benefit

Income tax benefit was $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The change in the income tax benefit was due to the Company having pretax income during the three months ended March 31, 2022, reduced by the tax benefits of discrete items, compared to a pretax loss during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

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Comparison of Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021 to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2020

NM—Not Meaningful

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Revenues

Revenue increased by $55.2 million to $688.3 million, or 8.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in revenue was primarily a result of a 10% growth from existing customer upgrades and expanding solution offerings to these existing customers as well as 4% growth from new customers and 1% increase in other transaction revenue, partially offset by a 6% impact in professional services revenues due to the divestiture of the First Party Clinical Services in December 2020.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue decreased by $13.1 million to $195.7 million, or 6.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020.

Cost of Revenue, exclusive of amortization of acquired technologies

Cost of revenue, exclusive of amortization of acquired technologies, decreased $13.1 million to $169.3 million, or 7.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The decline was due to a reduction of $31.3 million of costs related to the divestiture of First Party Clinical Services in December 2020 and a $2.2 million decrease in consulting costs, partially offset by a $13.2 million increase in stock-based compensation mainly from a vesting term modification of outstanding stock options completed in conjunction with the Business Combination, a $5.6 million increase in personnel costs and a $3.5 million increase in third party license and royalty fees.

Amortization of Acquired Technologies

Amortization of acquired technologies was $26.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Gross Profit

Gross profit increased by $68.3 million to $492.6 million, or 16.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. Our gross profit margin increased to 71.6% for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 67.0% for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in gross profit margin was due to increased software subscription revenues, economies of scale resulting from fixed cost arrangements and the divestment of our First Party Clinical Services in December 2020.

Research and Development

Research and development expense increased by $56.5 million to $166.0 million, or 51.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $39.5 million increase in stock-based compensation, mainly from a modification in the vesting terms of stock options completed in conjunction with the Business Combination, a $15.5 million increase in personnel-related costs and a $3.8 million increase in IT costs, partially offset by a $3.1 million increase in the amount of capitalized time on development projects.

Selling and Marketing

Selling and marketing expense increased by $74.2 million to $148.9 million, or 99.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $63.0 million increase in stock-based compensation mainly from a modification in the vesting terms of stock options completed in conjunction with the Business Combination, and a $9.9 million increase in personnel costs, including sales incentives.

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General and Administrative

General and administrative expense increased by $159.3 million to $250.1 million, or 175.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $135.0 million increase in stock-based compensation mainly from a vesting term modification of outstanding stock options completed in conjunction with the Business Combination, a $3.7 million increase in personnel costs, a $4.7 million increase in insurance costs and $10.1 million of expenses related to the business combination transaction. In addition, there was a $6.3 million increase in facilities costs due to the Company’s overlapping corporate headquarters leases and due to the acceleration of rent expense from the planned move from its current to its new headquarters in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets was $72.4 million and $72.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Interest Expense

Interest expense decreased by $18.0 million to $59.0 million, or 23.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily due to the Company using a portion of its proceeds from the Business Combination to make a principal prepayment of $525.0 million in July 2021 and refinancing its long-term debt in September 2021, after which the Company’s long-term debt bore interest at a lower variable interest rate.

Gain (Loss) on Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Swaps

The Company recognized a gain on change in fair value of interest rate swaps of $8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to a loss on change in fair value of interest rate swaps of $13.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The gain recognized for the year ended December 31, 2021 was due to the proximity of the maturity date prior to the extinguishment of the interest rate swaps in September 2021. The loss recognized in the prior period was mainly attributable to the decline in the forward yield curve during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities was $64.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The warrant liabilities were recorded as part of the Business Combination and therefore did not exist in the prior year. The expense was due to the increase in the estimated fair value of the Public Warrants and Private Warrants between July 30, 2021, the closing date of the Business Combination, the dates of redemption or exercise for all of the Public Warrants and December 31, 2021 for the Private Warrants.

Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt

Loss on early extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $15.2 million due to the early repayments of the total balance outstanding under the Company’s First Lien Term Loan. Loss on early extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2020 was $8.6 million due to the early repayment of the total balance outstanding under the Company’s Second Lien Term Loan.

Income Tax Benefit

Income tax benefit increased by $21.3 million to $26.0 million, or 455.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. Income tax benefit increased primarily due to higher pretax losses, mainly due to higher stock-based compensation expense.

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Comparison of Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2020 to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2019